Search Results for: Enzyme

Abstract: A laboratory ring trial was performed in four laboratories for determination of Cry1Ab toxin in leaf material of MON 810 maize using a standardised enzyme-linked immunoassay protocol. Statistical analysis was carried out by the ISO 5725-2 guidelines, sample standard deviation and standard error, within-laboratory and inter-laboratory SD and SE were calculated. Measured inter-laboratory average …

Abstract: Daphnia magna is a widely used model organism for aquatic toxicity testing. In the present study, the authors investigated the hydrolytic enzyme activity of D. magna after exposure to toxicant stress. In vivo enzyme activity was quantified using 15 fluorogenic enzyme probes based on 4‐methylumbelliferyl or 7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin. Probing D. magna enzyme activity was evaluated …

Abstract: Activated Cry1Ab toxin was measured in the pollen of maize of MON 810 genetic event using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Commercial 96-well microplate ELISAs, EnviroLogix Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac QuantiPlate® and Abraxis Bt-Cry1Ab/Ac ELISA were applied and optimized for pollen. Due to its high protein and starch quantity, pollen was found to be a difficult biological …

Abstract: A silty loam soil was incubated with the leaves and stems of two transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton varieties and nontransgenic Bt cotton to study the soil persistence of the Bt toxin from the decomposing transgenic Bt cotton tissues and its effect on soil enzyme activities. The results showed that after Bt cotton tissue …

Abstract: Soil properties, microbial communities, and enzyme activities were studied in soil planted with transgenic or nontransgenic papaya under field conditions. The transgenic papaya contained a replicase (RP) mutant gene of the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), which conferred resistance to the virus, the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II) marker gene, which conferred Km resistance, and …

Abstract: Effects of glyphosate based herbicide, Excel Mera 71 at a dose of 17.20 mg/l on enzyme activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and protein content were measured in different tissues of two Indian air-breathing teleosts, Anabas testudineus (Bloch) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) during an exposure period of 30 days …

Abstract: Cry proteins are expressed in rice lines for lepidopteran pest control. These proteins can be transferred from transgenic rice plants to non-target arthropods, including planthoppers and then to a predatory spider. Movement of Cry proteins through food webs may reduce fitness of non-target arthropods, although recent publications indicated no serious changes in non-target populations. …

Abstract: The effects of glyphosate, a nonselective herbicide (1.0 or 5.0mg L-1) on digestive enzymes activity (stomach and intestine) were evaluated in juveniles of piava (Leporinus obtusidens) after 90 days of exposure. The activity of acid protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase increased with the increase of glyphosate concentration. These results indicate that glyphosate affects digestive …

Abstract: We investigated the dynamics of N and P availability in the rhizosphere of Bt and non‐Bt cotton crops during their growth. In a net‐house pot culture experiment at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Bt‐cotton (cv. MRC‐6301 Bt) and its non‐transgenic near‐isoline (MRC‐6301) were grown on a sandy loam soil until maturity. A …

Abstract: The shikimate pathway enzymes offer attractive targets for the development of antimetabolites. Glyphosate is an effective antimetabolite that inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase in the shikimate pathway, thereby resulting in a shortage of the chorismate-derived essential aromatic amino acids. However, little is known about the genome-wide transcriptional responses of bacteria to glyphosate shock. In the …

Abstract: To assess the safety of transgenic rice expressing Cry1Ab protein to vertebrates, the effect of Cry1Ab rice on broad health indicators in blood and various organs of Swiss rats were analyzed. The 30 and 90 day safety studies of Cry1Ab rice on female Swiss rats revealed that Cry1Ab rice had no significant effect on …

Text: The potential problems of altering the chemical composition of crops were discussed in your Briefing1. One aspect of this debate relates to secondary metabolism, which is an attractive area to exploit because of the importance of such compounds in resistance, defence and product quality. In our view, the rules governing the evolution and role …

Abstract: Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup®, is the most popular herbicide used worldwide. The industry asserts it is minimally toxic to humans, but here we argue otherwise. Residues are found in the main foods of the Western diet, comprised primarily of sugar, corn, soy and wheat. Glyphosate’s inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes is …

Abstract: The presence of DNA fragments in tissues from rabbits given genetically modified (GM) soya-bean meal (solvent extracted) was investigated by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach. Moreover, the possible effects on cell metabolism were evaluated by determination of several specific enzymes in serum, heart, skeletal muscle, liver and kidney. The chloroplast sequence for …

Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted with silty loam Agrodolf as test soil and with transgenic Bt rice and non-Bt rice as test crops to study the effect of transgenic Bt rice planting on soil urease, phophatase, arylsulfatase, invertase, and dehydrogenase activities. The results showed that Bt toxin could be introduced into soil through root …

Abstract: Glyphosate (GLP), the active ingredient of many weed killing formulations, is a broad spectrum herbicide compound. Wistar rats were exposed during 30 or 90 days to the highest level (0.7 mg/L) of GLP allowed in water for human consumption (US EPA, 2011) and a 10-fold higher concentration (7 mg/L). The low levels of exposure …

Abstract: Any novel protein introduced into the GM crops need to be evaluated for cross affinity on living organisms. Many researchers are currently focusing on the impact of Bacillus thuringiensis cotton on soil and microbial diversity by field experiments. In spite of this, in silico approach might be helpful to elucidate the impact of cry …

Abstract: Transgene outflow from genetically modified (GM) rice to its wild relatives may cause undesirable ecological consequences. Understanding the level of transgene expression in wild rice following gene flow is important for assessing such consequences, providing that transgene escape from GM rice cannot be prevented. To determine the expression of a transgene in common wild …

Abstract: This work evaluates the activity of a few key enzymes involved in combating reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2), and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), as well as the concentration of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in transgenic and non-transgenic soybean leaves. Additionally, differential protein species …

Abstract: The distribution of Cry1Ab toxin was detected in the leaves of genetically modified maize of genetic event MON 810 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cry1Ab toxin contents in the leaves at reproductive (milk, R3) phenological stage were measured to be between 3,878 and 11,148 ng Cry1Ab toxin/g fresh weight. Toxin content was significantly lesser (significant …