Search Results for: Maize

Abstract: Background. Information on pollen dispersal is essential for the risk assessment and management of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) such as Bt maize. We analyzed data on maize pollen deposition at 216 sites in Germany, Switzerland, and Belgium from 2001 to 2010. All data were collected using the same standardized sampling method. The distances between …

Abstract: Background, aim, and scope: Basically, technological innovations are associated with benefits and risks. This is also true for the introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMO) into agriculture. In Germany, precautionary regulations currently demand isolation distances (i. e. buffer zones) for the cultivation of genetically modified maize (Bt-maize) in the vicinity of conventional (150 m) and organic …

Abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate if genetically modified (GM) maize (Bt maize, event MON810) compared with the near‐isogenic non‐modified (nGM) maize variety, added as a starch source at low or high inclusions, affected fish health of post‐smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. To evaluate the health impact, selected stress‐ and immune‐response biomarkers …

Abstract: We compared metabolic changes in transgenic maize lines (differing in genetic backgrounds and exogenous genes insertion) with non-transgenic counterparts. At the corn seedling stage, entirely expanding leaves were obtained from maize lines 1 (transgenic maize SK12-5; overexpressing cry1Ab/cry2Aj; parental maize ZD958), 2 (transgenic maize IE034; overexpressing cry1Ie; parental maize ZD958), 3 (transgenic maize Bt799; …

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether standard fish meal diets prepared with increasing levels of genetically modified (GM; 150 and 300 g kg−1) maize (event MON810®) as a starch source, showed any nutritional or physiological adverse effects on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. postsmolt. The diets with low or high inclusions of GM …

Abstract: This review evaluates scientific studies published in peer-review journals during the last 3-4 years that considered ecological effects of insect resistant (Bt) and herbicide tolerant maize. The majority of the scientific studies deal with ecological effects of maize containing the Cry1Ab toxin. In contrast, very few studies are available that considered other Cry toxins …

Abstract: We investigated the effects of transgenic maize (Zea mays) expressing Bacillus thuringienses toxin (Bt maize) on larval and adult Poecilus cupreus carabid beetles in laboratory studies. In no-choice trials, neonate P. cupreus larvae were fed exclusively with Spodoptera littoralis caterpillars, which had been raised on Bt maize. S. littoralis raised on conventional maize or “high …

Abstract: Genetically modified maize crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins (Bt maize) are increasingly cultivated worldwide, and large amounts of Bt maize have been imported to Korea. Before evaluating the environmental impacts of Bt maize of unknown origin on non-target insects, crystal (Cry) protein types in the imported Bt maize plants were identified. Because Cry1F …

Abstract: In Mexico, the Center of origin and diversity of maize, a daily per capita average of 0.5 kg of maize-based foods are consumed. Approximately 10 million tons of maize is produced in small peasant holdings. Nevertheless, a greater proportion of industrially produced maize-derived products have started to appear in recent years. We traced the …

Abstract: Responses to GM maize Bt-maize, MON810) expressing Cry1Ab protein from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in diets for both normal and immune-sensitised (with soyabean meal (SBM)-induced enteropathy) post-smolt Atlantic salmon were investigated following 33 and 97 d of exposure. Triplicate tanks of salmon were fed one of four diets, all containing 20% whole-kernel …

Abstract: The widespread planting of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) places intense selective pressure on pest populations to evolve resistance. Western corn rootworm is a key pest of maize, and in continuous maize fields it is often managed through planting of Bt maize. During 2009 and …

Text: Perry et al. [1] developed a model to simulate the field exposure and adverse effects for three European non-target Lepidoptera species (Inachis io L., Vanessa atalanta L., and Plutella xylostella L.) to pollen of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize MON810 containing lepidopteran-targeting Cry1Ab toxin. Perry et al. explicitly modelled the worst case scenario and …

Abstract: A potential environmental risk of the field cultivation of insect-resistant (Bt-toxin expressing) transgenic maize (Zea mays) is the consumption of Bt-containing pollen by herbivorous larvae of butterflies (Lepidoptera). Maize is wind-pollinated, and at flowering time large amounts of pollen can be deposited on various plants growing in the landscape, leading to inadvertent ingestion of …

Abstract: The first report of resistance of the maize stem borer [Busseola fusca (Fuller)] to Bt maize (MON810) was made in the Christiana area of South Africa during 2007. The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of resistance of other populations of B. fusca to Bt maize. One greenhouse and two laboratory …

Abstract: We assessed in the laboratory the attraction of the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) toward odors emitted by conventional maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) and Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) maize seedlings following actual or simulated injury by Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), the parasitoid’s host, and emitted by the host’s frass, produced following consumption of conventional or …

Abstract: Despite the fact that, on average, approximately 5–6 metric tons/ha of Bt maize stubble enter the soil on more than 170 million of hectares worldwide, the environmental impact of genetically modified maize plants on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is poorly known. In this study, the mycorrhizal colonization on the roots of Bt maize …

Abstract: Widespread planting of maize throughout the agricultural Midwest may result in detritus entering adjacent stream ecosystems, and 63% of the 2009 US maize crop was genetically modified to express insecticidal Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis. Six months after harvest, we conducted a synoptic survey of 217 stream sites in Indiana to determine the …

Abstract: The cultivation area of genetically modified (GM) crops is increasing all over the world. Though no land in the Republic of Korea is currently used for the cultivation of GM crops, GM crop imports for food and foraging purposes are continuously increasing. This may promote the unintentional escape of GM crops. This study was conducted …

Abstract: Transgenic Bt maize can produce insecticidal Cry proteins toxic to butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). In protected habitats near maize fields, Bt maize pollen containing the toxin can be drifted by wind onto host plants of Lepidoptera, and inadvertently harm lepidopteran larvae feeding on these host plants. For a heterogeneous, agricultural landscape in Switzerland, we …

Abstract: Field trials were established at three European sites (Denmark, Eastern France, South-West France) of genetically modified maize (Zea mays L.) expressing the CryIAb Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Bt), the near-isogenic non-Bt cultivar, another conventional maize cultivar and grass. Soil from Denmark was sampled at sowing (May) and harvest (October) over two years (2002, 2003); from …

Abstract: Bt maize has been grown at the Vaalharts irrigation scheme in South Africa since its first release during 1998. Interest in Bt maize refuge compliance, pest incidence and production practices at Vaalharts were recently stimulated by the first report of field resistance of Busseola fusca(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bt maize. Objectives of this study were …

Abstract: Aim: Genetically modified crops have a potential to solve many of the world’s nutrition problems. On the other hand, the impact of these novel crops on environmental, animal and human health should be tested and their risk assessment is required. In this study, the aim of this study was to investigate the positive or …

Abstract: Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, has evolved resistance to transgenic maize, Zea maize L., that produces the insecticidal protein Cry3Bb1, which is derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. We hypothesized that the level of Cry3Bb1 resistance in populations of western corn rootworm could be influenced by farming practices. To test this hypothesis, …