GMO Research
Abstract: Growth hormone (GH) gene expression has been examined in control and transgenic coho salmon containing a transgene comprised of the sockeye salmon GH1 gene under the control of the MT-B promoter from the same species. This transgene dramatically enhances the growth of salmonids, and raises serum GH levels some forty-fold. Transcript levels from this …
Text: You are incorrect in assuming that US federal-agency decisions on genetically modified (GM) organisms are always based on sound science and that Congress might be undermining such decisions (Nature 475, 5; 2011). In the case of GM salmon, the Advisory Committee of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) scolded the FDA and the …
Abstract: Transgenic Pacific salmon have been produced by microinjection of a DNA construct consisting of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) growth hormone sequences driven by an ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) antifreeze protein promoter. This construct was retained in approximately 4% of fish derived from injected eggs, and resulted in dramatic enhancement of growth relative to controls. …
Abstract: Transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) containing a growth hormone gene construct were compared with nontransgenic coho salmon in terms of gross anatomy, muscle cellularity, muscle enzyme activity, and differential gene expression. Transgenic fish were found to have significantly higher numbers of small-diameter muscle fibres in both the dorsal and lateral region of the somitic …
Abstract: Many genetically modified plants have been developed, and four of them (soya, maize, cotton, and colza) representing more than 99% of commercial crops, are widely distributed, mainly in the United States and in America [ISAAA, 2006. Report on global status on biotech/GM crops, Brief 35. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications organization, …
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether standard fish meal diets prepared with increasing levels of genetically modified (GM; 150 and 300 g kg−1) maize (event MON810®) as a starch source, showed any nutritional or physiological adverse effects on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. postsmolt. The diets with low or high inclusions of GM …
Abstract: Responses to GM maize Bt-maize, MON810) expressing Cry1Ab protein from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in diets for both normal and immune-sensitised (with soyabean meal (SBM)-induced enteropathy) post-smolt Atlantic salmon were investigated following 33 and 97 d of exposure. Triplicate tanks of salmon were fed one of four diets, all containing 20% whole-kernel …
Abstract: Interspecific hybridization is a route for transgenes from genetically modified (GM) animals to invade wild populations, yet the ecological effects and potential risks that may emerge from such hybridization are unknown. Through experimental crosses, we demonstrate transmission of a growth hormone transgene via hybridization between a candidate for commercial aquaculture production, GM Atlantic salmon …
Abstract: Growth hormone (GH) transgenic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is one of the first transgenic animals being considered for commercial farming, yet ecological and genetic concerns remain should they enter the wild and interact reproductively with wild fish. Here, we provide the first empirical data reporting on the breeding performance of GH transgenic Atlantic salmon …
Abstract: The present paper represents a part of a major scientific effort aiming to reveal possible effects, nutritional or health related, of genetically modified (GM) feed ingredients for Atlantic salmon. For 3 months groups of post‐smolt Atlantic salmon were treated with diets holding 130 g kg1 of the protein as soybean, one which contained 800 g kg−1 GM type RR …
Abstract: In recent years, there has been widespread concern about the ecological and genetic effects of genetically modified organisms. In salmon and other fishes, transgenic growth hormone genes have been shown to have large effects on size and various traits related to fitness. In this paper, I have shown by using a deterministic model that …
Abstract: The long-term persistence and activity of a naked plasmid DNA (pGL3-35S) containing a luc gene (reporter gene) controlled by a plant 35S CaMV promoter was studied in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) after injection. Atlantic salmon (mean weight 70 grams) were injected intramuscularly with 100 μg of plasmid DNA. Blood, different tissues and organs …
Abstract: The federal regulatory system for biotechnology, and genetically engineered (GE) animals in particular, is in critical need of modification. Relying on a creative interpretation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has assumed sole responsibility for the regulation of GE animals, despite the agency’s lack …
Abstract: For anadromous salmonids, olfaction is a critical sense, enabling return migration. In recent years, several pesticides have been identified that interfere with salmonid olfaction at concentrations in the μg/L range; thus, they may pose a risk to species longe]ity. In the present study, we investigated the acute effects of five agricultural pesticides on juvenile …
Abstract: Insertion of a pOnMTGH1 gene construct into coho salmon altered centroid size significantly (P<0·05). The dorsal caudal peduncle and abdominal regions were also distinctly enhanced in transgenic fish when compared to controls. Shape change patterns of both whole body and syncranium were prominent. Keywords: Coho, Growth Hormone, Genetic Engineering, Cartilage Growth Citation: Ostenfeld, T.H., …
Abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate if genetically modified (GM) maize (Bt maize, event MON810) compared with the near‐isogenic non‐modified (nGM) maize variety, added as a starch source at low or high inclusions, affected fish health of post‐smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. To evaluate the health impact, selected stress‐ and immune‐response biomarkers …
Abstract: Transmission of the opAFPGHc gene construct from parental transgenic coho salmon to F1 progeny has been observed. Just prior to first feeding, these offspring were found to fall into two distinct phenotypic classes on the basis of morphology and external colouration. One group possessed the normal brown colouration typical of coho salmon alevins, whereas …
Abstract: We examined the consequence of remarkably fast growth rates in transgenic fish, using swimming performance as a physiological fitness variable. Substantially faster growth rates were achieved by the insertion of an “all-salmon” growth hormone gene construct in transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). On an absolute speed basis, transgenic fish swam no faster at their …
Text: The herbicides Garlon 4 (butoxyethyl ester of triclopyr; 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid) and Roundup (glyphosate; isopropylamine salt) have been used primarily in agriculture. The Canadian Forest Service (Forest Pest Management Institute, Sault St. Marie, Canada) and the British Columbia Ministry of Forests (Victoria, Canada) have been evaluating these herbicides for control of deciduous trees …
Abstract: The present experiment was conducted to study the possible effects of genetically modified (GM), full‐fat soybean meal (FFSBM) from Round‐up Ready® soybeans compared to its parental, and closest near‐isogenic, non‐modified (nGM) soybean variety, added at moderate (150 g kg−1) and high (300 g kg−1) inclusion levels. The fish showed a high specific growth rate (SGR …
Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the uptake of dietary DNA into blood, kidney, and liver of salmon, and to determine the DNA fragment size if dietary DNA was detected. Salmon in groups of five fish were force-fed a feed containing a high copy number of three polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified …
Abstract: The effects of cypermethrin, copper and glyphosate on the endocrine system and subsequent response to female pheromones were investigated in mature male brown trout (Salmo trutta) parr. Responses measured were the amount of strippable milt, blood plasma levels of both an androgen (11-ketotestosterone (11-KT)) and a progestin (17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20b-P)), and behavioural changes. This was …
Abstract: We examined expression and inheritance of salmonid growth hormone genes RSVLTR-rtGH1 cDNA and RSVLTR-csGH cDNA, transferred to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) by microinjection. One to 9 copies of the foreign DNA were inserted in either head-to-tail tandem array at single insertion sites or single copies at multiple insertion sites. All P1 transgenic catfish evaluated …
