GMO Research
Abstract: The use of native flora by Apis mellifera L. in Chile has been demonstrated in many studies; however, certain species that are viewed as weeds contribute extensively to the floral composition of honey. A total of 92 honey samples from the Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins region in Chile were analyzed to determine which weeds …
Text: In their recent article, we feel that Wright et al. (1) misrepresented the potential for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)–resistant weeds in 2,4-D–resistant cropping systems and exaggerated the sustainability of their approach to addressing glyphosate-resistant weed problems in agriculture. Wright et al. (1) announced the development by Dow AgroSciences of transgenes in corn, soybean, and cotton …
Abstract: Invaders, weeds and colonizers comprise different but overlapping sets of species. The probability of successful invasion is low. The 10:10 rule state that 10% of introduced speices (those with feral individuals) become established, 10% of established species (those with self-sustaining populations) become pests. The rule gives an adequate fit to British plant data. The …
Abstract: Glyphosate is a broad spectrum herbicide that can lead to root rot like damage on crops. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of glyphosate on the root-colonizing Fusarium spp. The research was conducted at two sites. Site one was densely covered with perennial weeds, and site two with annuals. At site one, …
Abstract: Glyphosate is the world’s most important herbicide, with many uses that deliver effective and sustained control of a wide spectrum of unwanted (weedy) plant species. Until recently there were relatively few reports of weedy plant species evolving resistance to glyphosate. Since 1996, the advent and subsequent high adoption of transgenic glyphosate-resistant crops in the …
Abstract: A survey of farmers from six U.S. states (Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Mississippi, and North Carolina) was conducted to assess the farmers’ views on glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds and tactics used to prevent or manage GR weed populations in genetically engineered (GE) GR crops. Only 30% of farmers thought GR weeds were a serious issue. …
Abstract: Herbicide resistance is an evolutionary event resulting from intense herbicide selection over genetically diverse weed populations. In South America, orchard, cereal and legume cropping systems show a strong dependence on glyphosate to control weeds. The goal of this report is to review the current knowledge on cases of evolved glyphosate-resistant weeds in South American …
Text: In a world of more than 6 billion people, humans heavily rely on the dependable cultivation of the global food grain crops: rice, wheat, soybeans, maize (and cotton for fiber). History shows that threats to food production have major repercussions, including famine, war, and civil unrest. A major threat to food production occurs every …
Abstract: Glyphosate is by far the world’s most widely used and important herbicide because it is efficacious, economical and environmentally benign. Glyphosate dominates for non-selective weed control in agricultural ecosystems, especially to remove weeds between rows in established perennial tree, nut, vine crops and before seeding of annual crops. Globally, glyphosate is also the non-selective herbicide …
Abstract: We compared the effects of the management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species. We sampled the seedbank before and after cropping. During the season we counted plants and measured seed rain and biomass. Ratios of densities were used to calculate emergence, survival, reproduction …
Text: Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is a non-selective, broad spectrum, systemic, post-emergence herbicide that has been used extensively throughout the world over the past three decades. It inhibits the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine), which leads to several metabolic disturbances, including the inhibition of protein and secondary product biosynthesis (Franz et al., 1997) and …
Text: A genetic-modification technique used widely to make crops herbicide resistant has been shown to confer advantages on a weedy form of rice, even in the absence of the herbicide. The finding suggests that the effects of such modification have the potential to extend beyond farms and into the wild…. Keywords: Rice, Transgenes, Genetically Modified …
Abstract: Hybridization between the herbicide-resistant transgenic crop Brassica napus L. (canola) and its weedy relative Brassica rapa L. (bird rape) has been documented in Quebec. Our goal was to evaluate the actual hybridization potential based on range overlap and actual in situ hybridization rates. This was done by mapping B. napus canola fields, comparing them …
Abstract: Herbicide‐resistant genetically‐modified (GM) crops are the most widely cultivated worldwide, representing 78% of GM crops in 1999, followed by insect‐resistant GM crops with Bt gene. Gene flow is the most touching risk arising from GM crops, and is categorized as three types: within species, between species and between GM crop and other organisms. This …
Abstract: One of the most significant inputs necessary for successful conventional crop production is synthetic chemical herbicides to control a wide variety of weed infestations. Glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide, “Roundup”, became very popular after introduction in the 1970’s for non-selective weed control in fallowed fields and non-cropped areas of orchards, vineyards, and …
Abstract: A field in which Brassica napus volunteers were not controlled by several applications of glyphosate was investigated in 1998. This field had been planted with glufosinate-resistant and imidazolinone-resistant B. napus in 1997 and was adjacent to a field that had grown glyphosate-resistant B. napus.Mature volunteer B. napus were collected on a 50- by 100-m …
Text: Genetically engineered (GE) crops have been a contentious issue from the start, with heated debate between supporters and detractors. Much of this exchange has taken place behind the scenes, inside regulatory bureaucracies. Recently, however, the debate about transgenic crops has re‐emerged into the public spotlight, driven by a convergence of environmental and economic concerns. …
Abstract: A field in which Brassica napus volunteers were not controlled by several applications of glyphosate was investigated in 1998. This field had been planted with glufosinate-resistant and imidazolinone-resistant B. napus in 1997 and was adjacent to a field that had grown glyphosate-resistant B. napus. Mature volunteer B. napus were collected on a 50- by …
Abstract: The causal link between GM food and human health is proposed to be the scrambling of genes in DNA by low-level UV radiation. GM stands for genetically modified. Modern agriculture controls weeds by spraying Roundup containing water and Glyphosate onto crop fields. To enhance Glyphosate penetration through weed leaves, the adjuvant POEA is added …
Abstract: The concept of sustainability applied to agriculture has developed mainly as a result of growing awareness of negative impacts of intensive agriculture production systems on the environment and the quality of life. Intensive agriculture systems are based on genetically uniform crops which can be susceptible to various diseases and insect pests. Genetically modified (GM) …
Abstract: Studies were conducted at three locations in North Carolina in 2004 to evaluate density-dependent effects of glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn on GR cotton growth and lint yield. GR corn was taller than GR cotton as early as 25 d after planting, depending on location. A GR corn density of 5.25 plant/m of crop row reduced …
Abstract: The inheritance of resistance to the auxinic herbicide dicamba was examined in a kochia population from Nebraska. An inbred, resistant line was developed by selection and selfing over seven generations to ensure any resistance alleles would be homozygous in the parents. An inbred, susceptible line was similarly developed, but without selection. Dose–response experiments with …
Abstract: This review evaluates scientific studies published in peer-review journals during the last 3-4 years that considered ecological effects of insect resistant (Bt) and herbicide tolerant maize. The majority of the scientific studies deal with ecological effects of maize containing the Cry1Ab toxin. In contrast, very few studies are available that considered other Cry toxins …
