GMO Research
Abstract: The potential widespread adoption of cotton and soybean varieties with 2,4-D and dicamba resistance traits in the southeastern US will increase the risk of accidental exposure of peanut to these herbicides because of drift or application errors. When such accidents occur, growers must decide between continuing the crop and terminating it. In order to …
Abstract: Herbicide-resistant crops like glyphosate resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are gaining acceptance in U.S. cropping systems. Comparisons from cultivar performance trials suggest a yield suppression may exist with GR soybean. Yield suppressions may result from either cultivar genetic differentials, the GR gene/gene insertion process, or glyphosate. Grain yield of GR is probably …
Abstract: When glyphosate is applied to glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops, drift to nonglyphosate-resistant (non-GR) crops may cause significant injury and reduce yields. Tools are needed to quantify injury and predict crop losses. In this study, glyphosate drift was simulated by direct application at 12.5% of the recommended label rate to non-GR corn (Zea mays L.) at …
Abstract: There are concerns over the economic benefits of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids with the Bt trait transferred from Bacillus thuringiensis. A field experiment including three to seven pairs of commercial hybrids and their transgenic Bt near-isolines were grown side-by-side for three consecutive years in Ottawa, Canada (45°17′N, 75°45′W; 93 m above sea level) to determine (i) which …
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in Hale Co., TX, in 2005 and 2006 to determine the effects of 2,4-D amine and dicamba applied at varying rates and growth stages on cotton growth and yield, and to correlate cotton injury levels and lint yield reductions. Dicamba or 2,4-D amine was applied at four growth stages including …
Abstract: Transgenic glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] expressing a glyphosate-insensitive 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme has provided new opportunities for weed control in soybean production. However, glyphosate is toxic to the soybean nitrogen-fixing symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, as its EPSPS enzyme is sensitive to glyphosate. The effects of glyphosate on symbiotic parameters, nitrogen accumulation, and …
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted for 2 years at Urbana, Illinois, to evaluate the response of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr., var. Harosoy 63) to soil and foliar applications of 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). Soil incorporated applications of 2,4-D or dicamba at rates up to 8 oz/A or …
Abstract: Background. Cotton with coevolving pests has been grown in India more than 5000 years. Hybrid cotton was introduced in the 1970s with increases in fertilizer and in insecticide use against pink bollworm that caused outbreaks of bollworm. Hybrid Bt cotton, introduced in 2002 to control bollworm and other lepidopteran pests, is grown on more …
Abstract: Field studies were conducted in 2001 in Lewiston, NC, and in 2002 at Clayton and Lewiston, NC, to investigate the response of nontransgenic cotton to simulated glyphosate drift in a weed-free environment. Nontransgenic cotton variety ‘Fibermax 989’ was planted in a conventional seedbed at all locations. Glyphosate treatments were applied early postemergence (EPOST) at …
Text: To the editor – As a science-based publication you should make every effort to discuss data and opinions on all sides of a topic rather than serve as a vehicle for the promotion of one particular industry or interest group. A case in point is the report by Cormac Sheridan that appeared in your …
Abstract: High expression of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein in transgenic Bt crops has dramatically improved the resistance of crops to some insect pests. However, some Bt crops were reported to have poorer adaptabilities to abiotic stress environments compared to their non-Bt counterparts. The biological reasons for poorer adaptabilities were still unclear. A two-year field experiment …
Keywords: Cry1ab, genetically modified corn Citation: Székács, A., Juracsek, J., Polgár, L.A. and Darvas, B., 2005. Levels of expressed Cry1ab toxin in genetically modified corn Dk-440-bty (yieldgard) and stubble. The Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) Journal, 272, p.508.
To the editor: A News article in the July issue1 brings up some important questions about our report, Failure to Yield, which analyzes the contribution of genetic engineering to increased food and feed production in the United States, and its potential for contributing to global food security. I would like to clarify some points by …
Abstract: The construct inserted in YieldGard MON810 maize, produced by Monsanto, contains the CaMV 35S promoter, the hsp70 intron of maize, the cryI(A)b gene for resistance to lepidopterans and the NOS terminator. In a previous work a truncation event at the 3′ end of the cryI(A)b gene leading to the complete loss of the NOS …
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted at Wooster, OH, in 2010 and 2011 to evaluate the effect of simulated drift rates of 2,4-D, dicamba, and 2,4-D plus glyphosate on processing broccoli and bell pepper. Treatments were made in July of each year when bell pepper and broccoli were at the 10- and eight-leaf stage, respectively, and …
Abstract: It is presumed that remarkable increases in cotton productivity in India have come about through bacillus thuringiensis cotton and that this approach therefore must be replicated in other crops. This article explores the myth of rising yields of genetically modified crops and points out that genetic engineering has been at best neutral with respect …
Abstract: Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to investigate response of two rice varieties, Priscilla and Cocodrie, to sub-lethal rates of glyphosate in terms of injury, shikimate accumulation and yield. In the greenhouse, more shikimate accumulated in Cocodrie than Priscilla at comparable glyphosate rates applied to plants at the three-leaf stage. In field studies, glyphosate …
Abstract: Herbicide spray drift is a major concern in the application of agricultural herbicides. In Mississippi, many corn, soybean, and cotton fields are located in close proximity,thus herbicides used in one crop may contact non-target crops by drift. The use of transgenic crops in agriculture has increased dramatically over the past few years. Transgenic crops …
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine if glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybeans respond differently to Mn fertilizer than conventional soybean varieties in an irrigated high-yield environment, and if so to develop fertilization strategies that will prevent or correct deficiencies. Yield of the GR variety was less than the conventional variety without Mn fertilizer. However, Mn application …
Abstract: Studies were conducted at three locations in North Carolina in 2004 to evaluate density-dependent effects of glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn on GR cotton growth and lint yield. GR corn was taller than GR cotton as early as 25 d after planting, depending on location. A GR corn density of 5.25 plant/m of crop row reduced …
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted at Hays and Manhattan, KS, in 2002 and 2003 to determine winter wheat response to simulated drift rates of glyphosate and imazamox. Glyphosate and imazamox at 1/100x, 1/33x, 1/10x, and 1/3X of usage rates of 840 g ae/ha glyphosate and 35 g/ha imzamox were applied individually to wheat in the …
