Search Results for: glyphosate

Abstract: A field study was conducted during 2000 and 2001 at Stoneville, MS to determine the effects of isopropylamine (Ipa), trimethylsulfonium (Tms), diammonium (Dia), and aminomethanamide dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate (Adt) salt formulations of glyphosate on weed control, growth, chlorophyll content, nodulation, nitrogen content, and grain yield in glyphosate-resistant soybean, and to assess potential glyphosate accumulation in …

Abstract: Glyphosate-based herbicides are extensively used for weed control all over the world. Thus, it is important to investigate the putative toxic effects of these commercial formulations which contain not only glyphosate but also different adjuvants. 3T3-L1 fibroblasts are a useful tool in the study of adipocyte differentiation. We have previously reported that a commercial …

Abstract: Glyphosate-resistance evolution in weeds is evident globally, especially in areas where transgenic glyphosate-resistant crops dominate. Resistance to glyphosate is currently known in 16 weed species, including rigid ryegrass in Australia. Following the first report of glyphosate resistance in 1998, there are now 78 documented glyphosate-resistant populations of rigid ryegrass in grain-growing regions of southern …

Abstract: The continuous use of a single herbicide for weed control can result in selection of biotypes resistant to that compound. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the occurrence of wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla, EPHHL) resistant biotypes to glyphosate. Two suspected glyphosate-resistant biotypes from the northern part of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were compared …

Abstract: Most soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars grown in the U.S. are Roundup Ready®, genetically modified for resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. The objectives of this study were to examine the impacts of glyphosate applications on symbiotic N2 fixation in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean and to evaluate the responses of rhizobial isolates and nifH gene …

Introduction: Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide widely used to kill unwanted plants both in agriculture and in nonagricultural landscapes. Estimated use in the U.S. is between 19 and 26 million pounds per year. Most glyphosate-containing products are either made or used with a surfactant, chemicals that help glyphosate to penetrate plant cells. Glyphosate-containing products are …

Abstract: The cultivation of glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybeans has continuously increased worldwide in recent years mainly due to the importance of glyphosate in current weed management systems. However, not much has been done to understand eventual effects of glyphosate application on GR soybean physiology, especially those related to seed composition with potential effects on human health. …

Text: Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is a non-selective, broad spectrum, systemic, post-emergence herbicide that has been used extensively throughout the world over the past three decades. It inhibits the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine), which leads to several metabolic disturbances, including the inhibition of protein and secondary product biosynthesis (Franz et al., 1997) and …

Abstract: Several low weight molecules have often been implicated in the induction of occupational asthma. Glyphosate, a small molecule herbicide, is widely used in the world. There is a controversy regarding a role of glyphosate in developing asthma and rhinitis among farmers, the mechanism of which is unexplored. The aim of this study was to …

Abstract: Farmers report that some glyphosate-resistant soybean varieties are visually injured by glyphosate. Glyphosate is the main herbicide that directly affects the synthesis of secondary compounds. In this work, we evaluated the effect of increasing rates of glyphosate on lignin and amino acid content, photosynthetic parameters and dry biomass in the early maturity group cultivar …

Abstract: Herbicide resistance is an evolutionary event resulting from intense herbicide selection over genetically diverse weed populations. In South America, orchard, cereal and legume cropping systems show a strong dependence on glyphosate to control weeds. The goal of this report is to review the current knowledge on cases of evolved glyphosate-resistant weeds in South American …

Abstract: Glyphosate-resistant horseweed biotypes have been reported in 10 states in the US, mainly in annual row-crop systems. This study showed that glyphosate-resistant (R biotype) horseweed also exists in California. The level of resistance to glyphosate, however, was influenced by the stage of growth of horseweed at the time of glyphosate application. There was a …

Abstract: Studies were conducted at three locations in North Carolina in 2004 to evaluate density-dependent effects of glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn on GR cotton growth and lint yield. GR corn was taller than GR cotton as early as 25 d after planting, depending on location. A GR corn density of 5.25 plant/m of crop row reduced …

Abstract: The recently developed “second generation” of Roundup Ready® soybean (RR2) cultivars commercially available for farmers in 2008 were promoted as higher yielding relative to the “first generation” RR cultivars (RR1). Previous studies showed that glyphosate reduced such yield components as photosynthesis, water absorption, nutrient uptake and symbiotic N2 fixation in RR soybean cultivars; however, …

Abstract: Current crop production relies heavily on use of transgenic, glyphosate-resistant cultivars (GR). The impacts of widespread cultivation of genetically-modified (GM) crops and the use of one herbicide class on agroecosystems, especially considering potential effects on biological processes, have received considerable attention. This paper reviews impacts of glyphosate on rhizosphere microorganisms and activities and summarizes …

Abstract: Glyphosate is a non-selective, broad-spectrum herbicide that kills plants by inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), which is necessary for synthesis of aromatic amino acids. A secondary mode of action involves infection of roots of glyphosate-susceptible plants by soil-borne micro-organisms due to decreased production of plant protection compounds known as phytoalexins. Varieties of …

Abstract: Glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean production increases each year because of the efficacy of glyphosate for weed management. A new or ‘second’ generation of GR soybean (GR2) is now commercially available for farmers that is being promoted as higher yielding relative to the previous, ‘first generation’ (GR1) cultivars. Recent reports show that glyphosate affects the biology …

Introduction: Residues of the commonly-used herbicide glyphosate have been found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. Residues can be detected long after glyphosate treatments have been made. Lettuce, carrots, and barley planted a year after glyphosate treatment contained residues at harvest. In California, where reporting of pesticide-caused illnesses is more comprehensive than in other …

Abstract: Although glyphosate-resistant (GR) technology is used in most countries producing soybeans (Glycine max L.), there are no particular fertilize recommendations for use of this technology, and not much has been reported on the influence of glyphosate on GR soybean nutrient status. An evaluation of different cultivar maturity groups on different soil types, revealed a …

Abstract: Background. Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is a perennial weed that is considered glyphosate tolerant, which is partially attributed to escape through establishment of new vegetative shoots from an abundance of underground adventitious buds. Leafy spurge plants treated with sub-lethal concentrations of foliar-applied glyphosate produce new vegetative shoots with reduced main stem elongation and increased …

Abstract: In 2005, the existence of glyphosate-resistance in Palmer amaranth was confirmed at a single 250 ha field site in Macon County, Georgia. Currently, all cotton producing counties in Georgia are infested, to some degree, with glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. In 2010 and 2011, surveys were administered to Georgia growers and extension agents to determine how …

Abstract: Conservation tillage reduces the physical movement of soil to the minimum required for crop establishment and production. When consistently practiced as a soil and crop management system, it greatly reduces soil erosion and is recognized for the potential to improve soil quality and water conservation and plant available water. Adoption of conservation tillage increased …

Text: We have just completed screening of horseweed (marestail) seed samples collected in the fall of 2004 for tolerance to glyphosate. The purpose of this article is to briefly summarize the methods used in this process and show the newest counties which have documented populations of glyphosate-resistant horseweed. This project is a three-year process in …

Abstract: One of the most significant inputs necessary for successful conventional crop production is synthetic chemical herbicides to control a wide variety of weed infestations. Glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide, “Roundup”, became very popular after introduction in the 1970’s for non-selective weed control in fallowed fields and non-cropped areas of orchards, vineyards, and …