Search Results for: DNA

Abstract: Effects of glyphosate on survival, developmental rate, larval weight, and midgut bacterial diversity of Apis mellifera were tested in the laboratory. Larvae were reared in vitro and fed diet containing glyphosate 0.8, 4, and 20 mg/L. The dependent variables were compared with negative control and positive control (dimethoate 45 mg/L). Brood survival decreased in 4 …

Abstract: 转基因食品安全性是国内外广泛关注与争议的问题之一.根据”实质等同性”原则,本文基于手性D-氨基酸(DAA)形成机制对抗除草剂草甘膦和抗虫Bt蛋白转基因的食品安全性进行了风险评估.与传统非转基因作物相比,除草剂草甘膦或Bt蛋白由于具有较强的金属络合能力,因此在本质上促使土壤中金属离子较多地进入转基因作物体内,然后诱导D-海因酶的活性增加从而产生更多的DAA.体外研究发现,DAA、D-氨基酸氧化酶(DAAO)和亚铁离子(Fe2+)同时存在时,将损伤DNA、L-抗坏血酸(VC)和生育酚(VE)等.而DAA在DAAO存在下产生的H2O2也可诱导损伤VC.在有机相与水相界面,VE能够将Fe3+还原为Fe2+,Fe2+与DAA、DAAO一起产生的?OH也可损伤DNA.细胞实验表明,相比于L-氨基酸(LAA),DAA能够明显抑制细胞生长.因此,即使不考虑转基因食品中相对高含量的草甘膦或Bt蛋白、重金属离子的生物安全性,仅从DAA在转基因食品中的客观相对高的含量及其诱导损伤DNA、VC和VE的毒理性效应考虑,转基因食品和传统食品的成分不实质等同,自然其安全性也不实质等同. Keywords: substantial equivalence, chiral D-amino acid, glyphosate tolerant, Bt, transgenic crops Citation: 张志昆,  袁龙飞,  刘庆菊,  蔡波太,  李向军,  赵红,  董亚蕾,  杨镜奎,  何裕建,  赵亮 and 董树清, 2015. Rational study of the safety of genetically modified food based on toxicology of chiral D – amino acid. China Science: Chemistry, 1.

Abstract: The herbicide glyphosate became widely used in the United States and other parts of the world after the commercialization of glyphosate-resistant crops. These crops have constitutive overexpression of a glyphosate-insensitive form of the herbicide target site gene, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Increased use of glyphosate over multiple years imposes selective genetic pressure on weed populations. …

Abstract: Results obtained from several studies suggest that the pre-seeding application of the widely used herbicide glyphosate can alter the microbial community of the rhizosphere of non-target plants, as well as soil processes mediated by microorganisms. Although this impact should be related to the response of weed plants to glyphosate application, little is known on …