GMO Research
Abstract: The continuous use of glyphosate has resulted in the selection of resistant biotypes in 13 different weed species. Three different mechanisms of resistance have been proposed for these biotypes: 1) Decreased translocation to meristems; 2) Mutation of target site 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) and 3) Increased expression of EPSPS. Decreased translocation of glyphosate to the …
Abstract: The persistence of plant-derived recombinant DNA in sheep and pigs fed genetically modified (Roundup Ready) canola was assessed by PCR and Southern hybridization analysis of DNA extracted from digesta, gastrointestinal (GI) tract tissues, and visceral organs. Sheep (n = 11) and pigs (n = 36) were fed to slaughter on diets containing 6.5 or 15% …
Abstract: The transgenic and non-transgenic soybean seeds oils were extracted and the composition and concentration of the fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Sixteen different fatty acids were detected in both transgenic and non-transgenic soybean oil: C14:0, C16:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:0, C20:1, C20:2, C22:0, C20:5, C22:1, C24:0 and C22:6. The concentration of 12 of …
Abstract: The acreage for genetically modified crops (GMOs)—particularly soybean—has steadily increased since 1996, when the first crop of Roundup Ready soybean (intended for food production) was grown. The Roundup Ready soybean varieties derive from a soybean line into which a glyphosate-resistant enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate-synthase (EPSPS) gene was introduced. The inserted and the flanking regions in Roundup Ready soybean …
Abstract: This work evaluates the activity of a few key enzymes involved in combating reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2), and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), as well as the concentration of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in transgenic and non-transgenic soybean leaves. Additionally, differential protein species …
Abstract: The increasing number of commercialized GM crops and the growing need for authenticity control of raw materials, feeds and foods set an urgent necessity for the development of sensitive, reliable and cost-effective methods for GMO detection. In the present study, a novel multiplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection of all EU-authorized genetically modified …
Text: Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is a non-selective, broad spectrum, systemic, post-emergence herbicide that has been used extensively throughout the world over the past three decades. It inhibits the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine), which leads to several metabolic disturbances, including the inhibition of protein and secondary product biosynthesis (Franz et al., 1997) and …
Abstract: In the initial screening, 18 out of 32 Conyza albida and 7 out of 28 Conyza bonariensis populations, sampled from main perennial crop regions of central and southern Greece, were found to be resistant to glyphosate. The level of resistance determined in dose–response experiments with representative populations of the two species was found to …
Abstract: Transgenic glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] expressing a glyphosate-insensitive 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme has provided new opportunities for weed control in soybean production. However, glyphosate is toxic to the soybean nitrogen-fixing symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, as its EPSPS enzyme is sensitive to glyphosate. The effects of glyphosate on symbiotic parameters, nitrogen accumulation, and …
Abstract: Glyphosate is a non-selective, broad-spectrum herbicide that kills plants by inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), which is necessary for synthesis of aromatic amino acids. A secondary mode of action involves infection of roots of glyphosate-susceptible plants by soil-borne micro-organisms due to decreased production of plant protection compounds known as phytoalexins. Varieties of …
Abstract: Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, EC 2.5.1.19 (EPSPS), thereby blocking aromatic amino acid synthesis. While glyphosate-tolerant (GT) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] contains resistant EPSPS, the N2-fixing symbiont in soybean root nodules, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, does not contain a resistant enzyme, and glyphosate spray to GT soybean may interfere with the symbiotic relationship. Glyphosate-tolerant soybean …
Abstract: Background. Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is a perennial weed that is considered glyphosate tolerant, which is partially attributed to escape through establishment of new vegetative shoots from an abundance of underground adventitious buds. Leafy spurge plants treated with sub-lethal concentrations of foliar-applied glyphosate produce new vegetative shoots with reduced main stem elongation and increased …
Abstract: The in vivo and post mortem performance and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in kids born from goats fed conventional (group C) or genetically modified (group T) soybean meal were evaluated. The goat colostrum quality, in terms of chemical composition, as well as immunoglobulin concentration, and the presence of feed DNA fragments were also …
Abstract: The most cultivated genetically modified plant in Brazil is the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] resistant to the systemic herbicide glyphosate. There are 12.3 millions of cultivated hectares. This soybean was obtained through the introduction of the gene that codes for the 5-enolpyruyilshikimic-acid3-phosphate synthase enzyme, (EPSPS, E.C 2.5.1.19, CP4), of the shikimic pathway, resistant …
Abstract: The presence of DNA fragments in blood and milk from goats fed conventional (control) or Roundup Ready® soybean meal solvent extracted (s.e.; treated) was investigated by using a polymerase chain reaction approach. The same investigation was carried out on blood, skeletal muscle and organs from kids of both groups fed only dams’ milk until …
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of glyphosate on soil microbial activity under appropriate and water deficit conditions. The factors consisted of four treatments with different Roundup Ready® soybean cultivars, two herbicidal treatments [glyphosate (1.080 and 1.800 g a.e. ha-1) + control] and two soil moisture treatments (appropriate and water …
Abstract: The inclusion of genetically modified (GM) plants in the human diet has raised concerns about the possible transfer of transgenes from GM plants to intestinal microflora and enterocytes. The persistence in the human gut of DNA from dietary GM plants is unknown. Here we study the survival of the transgene epsps from GM soya …
Text: Влияние диеты, содержащей генетически модифицированную (ГМ) сою, на репродуктивные функции животных изучено недостаточно. Имеющиеся в литературе данные противоречивы. Так, Brake и Evenson [1] не выявили негативного воздействия наиболее распространенной ГМ-сои устойчивой к гербициду раундапу в результате внедрения трансгена EPSPS CP4 (RR, линия 40.3.2), на сперматогенез у потомства самцов мышей. В то же время в …
Abstract: Glyphosate is the world’s most widely used herbicide. A potential substitute for glyphosate in some use patterns is the herbicide paraquat. Following many years of successful use, neither glyphosate nor paraquat could control a biotype of the widespread annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), and here the world’s first case of multiple resistance to glyphosate and …
Abstract: The presence of the recombinant cp4 epsps gene from Roundup Ready (RR) corn and RR soybean was quantified using real-time PCR in soil samples from a field experiment growing RR and conventional corn and soybean in rotation. RR corn and RR soybean cp4 epsps persisted in soil for up to 1 year after seeding. …
Abstract: Glyphosate, is a broad-spectrum, nonselective, systemic herbicide, existing in the form of the acid itself or formulated as a salt. Roundup consists of the glyphosate isopropylamine (IPA) salt, water and a surfactant, often a polyethoxylated tallowamine, POEA. Glyphosate inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimate pathway, which leads to formation of aromatic amino acids. …
Abstract: The soybean is a typical legume which is used to elaborate several foods around the world. Ten imported soybean seed samples were collected and planted to identify possible genetic modifications. DNA was isolated from 20 days old seedlings. After that, PCR was carried out using the 35S, RR and cry1AB/1AS primer pairs. Nine soybean …
