Search Results for: Acetylcholinesterase

Abstract: Effects of glyphosate based herbicide, Excel Mera 71 at a dose of 17.20 mg/l on enzyme activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and protein content were measured in different tissues of two Indian air-breathing teleosts, Anabas testudineus (Bloch) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) during an exposure period of 30 days …

Abstract: The teleost fish Leporinus obtusidens (piava) was exposed to different concentrations of Roundup, a commercial herbicide formulation containing glyphosate (0, 1, or 5 mg L(-1)), for 90 days. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was verified in brain and muscle. Hepatic and muscular metabolic parameters as well as some hematological parameters were determined. The results showed that …

Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate Roundup effects on biochemical biomarkers of the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. Fish were acutely exposed (6, 24 and 96 h) to 10 mg L(-1) of Roundup (RD) or only water (control) and samples of liver, for antioxidants analysis, and brain and muscle, for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) determination, were collected. Fish …

Abstract: The toxic effect of sublethal concentrations (1, 17.5 and 35 mg L(-1)) of pure glyphosate was evaluated on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the fish species, Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. Acute bioassays (96 h) under laboratory conditions were conducted and homogenates for each specimen corresponding to the anterior, middle and posterior body sections were performed. Fish survival was 100%, even …

Abstract: This study was conducted to assess the antidotal prospect of Garcinia kola seeds extract in restoring the activity of inhibited Acetylcholinesterase. This was done by inducing Clarias gariepinus with the enzyme inhibitor (glyphosate pesticide formulation). The fish divided into six groups were exposed different treatments; the pesticide alone, the G. kola seed extract alone …

Abstract: In this study, teleostean fish Leporinus obtusidens (piava) were exposed to different concentrations of Roundup, a glyphosate (acid equivalent) herbicide: 0 (control), 3, 6, 10, and 20 mg/L for 96 h (short-term). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was verified in brain and muscle tissues. Metabolic parameters in the liver and muscle (lactate, glycogen, glucose, protein, and …

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity effects of acute and sublethal of Roundup® as a glyphosate-based herbicide on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and several hematological and biochemical parameters of Cyprinus carpio. The LC50-96 h of Roundup® to C. carpio was found to be 22.19 ppm. Common carp was subjected to Roundup® …

Abstract: Roundup® is a glyphosate-based herbicide containing a mixture of surfactants. This paper evaluates the toxic effects of Roundup® and its main constituents on the goldfish, Carassius auratus, after 7 days exposure. Fish were exposed to 0.16, 0.032 and 0.0064 mg/L of Roundup® [containing 41% isopropylamine salt of glyphosate (G.I.S) and 18% polyoxyethylene amine (POEA)], …

Abstract: In this 28 day-study, we evaluated the effects of herbicide glyphosate administered by gavage to Wistar rats at daily doses equivalent to 0.1 of the acceptable operator exposure level (AOEL), 0.5 of the consumer acceptable daily intake (ADI), 1.75 (corresponding to the chronic population-adjusted dose, cPAD), and 10 mg kg-1 body weight (bw) (corresponding …

Abstract: The toxicity of Roundup Original® (GLY), a glyphosate-based herbicide widely used in crops in Mato Grosso state, was determined in hybrid fish jundiara or pintado da Amazônia. The 96 h-LC50 of GLY was 13.57 mg L−1. Moreover, exposure to sublethal concentrations of GLY (0, 0.37, 0.75, 2.25, 4.5, 7.5 mg L−1) has not altered …

Abstract: In this study, amphibian tadpoles of Hypsiboas pulchellus were exposed to herbicide Liberty®, which contains glufosinate ammonium (GLA), for 48 h to the following concentrations: 0 (control), 3.55, 4.74, 6.32, 8.43, 11.25, 15, 20, 26.6, and 35.5 mg GLA L−1. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities, as well as swimming capabilities (swimming speed and …

Abstract: Cry proteins are expressed in rice lines for lepidopteran pest control. These proteins can be transferred from transgenic rice plants to non-target arthropods, including planthoppers and then to a predatory spider. Movement of Cry proteins through food webs may reduce fitness of non-target arthropods, although recent publications indicated no serious changes in non-target populations. …

Abstract: Glyphosate (GLY) is one of the most used herbicide worldwide. Considering that information concerning the impact of GLY on bivalves is scarce, in this study we evaluated for the first time the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of GLY (10, 100 and 1000 μg/L) to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were exposed for 7, …

Abstract: We investigated the effects of four commercial formulations of herbicides (glyphosate [GLY], metsulfuron-methyl [MET], bispyribac-sodium [BIS], and picloram [PIC]) individually, and in three 50:50 mixtures (GLY–MET, GLY–BIS, GLY–PIC) on the common toad Rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) tadpoles. Enzymatic parameters such as, glutathione S-transferase (GST), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, as well as erythrocyte …

Abstract: In this study, amphibian tadpoles Rhinella arenarum were exposed to different concentrations of Roundup Ultra-Max (ULT), Infosato (INF), Glifoglex, and C-K YUYOS FAV. Tadpoles were exposed to these commercial formulations with glyphosate (CF-GLY) at the following concentrations (acid equivalent [ae]): 0 (control), 1.85, 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg ae/L for …

Abstract: Soybean fields provide habitats for many species of amphibians. However, the persistence and health of amphibian populations may be at risk from the increasing use of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals. We examined the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and carboxylesterases (CbEs) in 11 syntopic species of larval anurans. In vitro effects of …

Abstract: Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is an active ingredient of the most widely used herbicide formulations in protecting agricultural and horticultural crops. Numerous results (mostly published in the years 2010–2013) concerning the action of glyphosate and its formulations in the recent decade were analyzed. Initial reports about alleged biodegradability of glyphosate in the environment turned out to …

Abstract: In this study, the impact of technical grade glyphosate acid on Limnoperna fortunei was assessed employing outdoor microcosms treated with nominal glyphosate concentrations of 1, 3 and 6 mg L−1. At the end of the experiment (26 days), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterases (CES) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, …

Abstract: Aquatic ecosystems in areas with intense agricultural activity are subject to pesticide contamination, which may compromise the health of the fish. In order to verify the quality of the water and the possible effects of pesticides on fish, a method that combines different biomarker responses into an index named “integrated biomarker response” (IBR) was …

Abstract: Although it is believed that glyphosate-based herbicides are relatively nontoxic to humans, its broad use in agriculture and consequent contamination of aquatic systems is a concern. In the present study, reproductive (sperm quality) and biochemical parameters (acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase activity, lipoperoxidation, and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals) were evaluated in adult guppies (Poecilia …

Abstract: In this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) and a methidathion-based insecticide (MBI), individually and in combination, on premetamorphic tadpoles of three anuran species: Pelophylax ridibundus, Xenopus laevis, and Bufotes viridis. Based on the determined 96-h LC50 values of each species, the effects of a series of sublethal concentrations …

Abstract: The assessments of pesticide toxicity on nontarget organisms have largely been focused on the determination of median lethal concentration (LC50) values using single/laboratory species. Although useful, these studies cannot describe the biochemical mechanisms of toxicity and also cannot explain the effects of pesticides on natural species. In this study, the toxic effects of glyphosate …

Abstract: This evaluation of Bt brinjal studies is based on requirements for a rigorous evaluation of food safety for the people of India and their health. Departures from Indian and international published standards for the 14-day and 90-day studies are a cause for concern 1. The current food safety studies for Bt brinjal were not …