Journal or Publishing Institution: Environmental Entomology
Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19389277
Author(s): Lövei, G.L., Andow, D.A. and Arpaia, S.
Article Type: Journal Publication
Record ID: 1459
Abstract: This review uses a data-driven, quantitative method to summarize the published, peer-reviewed literature about the impact of genetically modified (GM) plants on arthropod natural enemies in laboratory experiments. The method is similar to meta-analysis, and, in contrast to a simple author-vote counting method used by several earlier reviews, gives an objective, data-driven summary of existing knowledge about these effects. Significantly more non-neutral responses were observed than expected at random in 75% of the comparisons of natural enemy groups and response classes. These observations indicate that Cry toxins and proteinase inhibitors often have non-neutral effects on natural enemies. This synthesis identifies a continued bias toward studies on a few predator species, especially the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens, which may be more sensitive to GM insecticidal plants (16.8% of the quantified parameter responses were significantly negative) than predators in general (10.9% significantly negative effects without C. carnea). Parasitoids were more susceptible than predators to the effects of both Cry toxins and proteinase inhibitors, with fewer positive effects (18.0%, significant and nonsignificant positive effects combined) than negative ones (66.1%, significant and nonsignificant negative effects combined). GM plants can have a positive effect on natural enemies (4.8% of responses were significantly positive), although significant negative (21.2%) effects were more common. Although there are data on 48 natural enemy species, the database is still far from adequate to predict the effect of a Bt toxin or proteinase inhibitor on natural enemies.
Keywords: Transgenic Plants, Biosafety, Natural Enemies, Laboratory Experiments, Review, Animals, Arthropods, Bacterial Proteins, Agricultural Crops, Factual Databases, Endotoxins, Hemolysin Proteins, Insect Control, Insecticides, Larva, Genetically Modified Plants, Species Specificity, Genetically Modified Organisms, Crops, Proteinase Inhibitors, Toxins, Toxicity, Predatory Arthropods, Bt Toxins, Cry Toxins, Adverse Effects, Parasitoids, Crystal Proteins
Citation: Lövei, G.L., Andow, D.A. and Arpaia, S., 2009. Transgenic insecticidal crops and natural enemies: a detailed review of laboratory studies. Environmental Entomology, 38(2), pp.293-306.
