GMO Research
Citation: In this study, median lethal concentrations (LC50) of herbicide Roundup, which contains 48% glyphosate, on Daphnia magna for 24 an 48 hours were determined.The experiment has been conducted with the method of static bioassay on two series, five different concentrations (0.0115; 0.018; 0.021; 0.028; 0.032) and one control group have been used. The period …
Abstract: Daphnia magna is a widely used model organism for aquatic toxicity testing. In the present study, the authors investigated the hydrolytic enzyme activity of D. magna after exposure to toxicant stress. In vivo enzyme activity was quantified using 15 fluorogenic enzyme probes based on 4‐methylumbelliferyl or 7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin. Probing D. magna enzyme activity was evaluated …
Abstract: The influence of sublethal concentrations of Roundup (25 and 50 mg/l of the active compound glyphosate) was studied in the Daphnia magna Straus of successive generations. The toxic effects were assessed by the parameters of fecundity, quality of progeny, and linear sizes of daphnia, as well as by the activities of carbohydrases and proteases. …
Abstract: Glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide in the world. Recent studies suggest that glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) have a higher toxicity towards animals than previously assumed by industry-funded studies. The EPA also lists glyphosate as being “practically nontoxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates….” Daphnia magna is an aquatic invertebrate and a well-established model organism for …
Abstract: Insect resistance is the second most common trait globally in cultivated genetically modified (GM) plants. Resistance is usually obtained by introducing into the plant’s genome genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) coding for insecticidal proteins (Cry proteins or toxins) that target insect pests. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis …
Abstract: Acute effects of active ingredients (a.i.) and formulations (F) of widely used pesticides were assessed by means of the Daphnia magna toxicity test. Studied pesticides were the insecticides, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos, and the herbicide, glyphosate. Results were analyzed and compared according to statistical endpoints (LCx) and log-probit regressions of toxicity data. The potency of …
Abstract: Low levels of glyphosate based herbicide induced significant negative effects on the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. Glyphosate herbicides such as brands of Roundup, are known to be toxic to daphnids. However, published findings on acute toxicity show significant discrepancies and variation across several orders of magnitude. To test the acute effects of both glyphosate …
Abstract: Herbicide tolerant plants such as Roundup-Ready soybean contain residues of glyphosate herbicide. These residues are considered safe and previous animal-feeding-studies have failed to find negative effects related to such chemical residues. The present study tests 8 experimental soy- meal diets as feed in groups (each containing 20 individuals) of test-animals (D. magna). The diets …
Abstract: A lifelong feeding study with soybean from different production systems was carried out in the crustacean Daphnia magna (water flea), an acknowledged model organism for ecotoxicological studies. Experimental diets were prepared with soybean meal from different agriculture production systems: (i) genetically modified Roundup‐Ready soy (Glyphosate‐Tolerant), (ii) conventional soy and (iii) soy from organic agriculture …
Abstract: The general objective of this work is to experimentally assess the effects of acute glyphosate pollution on two freshwater cladoceran species (Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia) and to use this information to predict the population dynamics and the potential for recovery of exposed organisms. Five to six concentrations of four formulations of glyphosate (4-Gly) …
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of the herbicide Herbolex (Aragonesas Agro, S.A., Madrid, Spain) to control giant reed (Arundo donax), which has glyphosate as active ingredient, on the structure and function of a nearby river ecosystem. Specifically, we assessed glyphosate environmental fate in the surrounding water …
Abstract: Glyphosate, in the commercial formulation named Roundup, is a broad spectrum herbicide that is one of the most frequently applied pesticides in the world. However, there has been little evidence of Roundup toxicity or genotoxicity. Genotoxicity of glyphosate was carried out using the Escherichia coli SOS chromotest. The glyphosate-induced dose response in the SOS …
Abstract: Environmental and toxicological characteristics of formulated pesticides may substantially differ from those of their active ingredients or other components alone. This phenomenon is demonstrated in the case of the herbicide active ingredient glyphosate. Due to its extensive application, this active ingredient was found in surface and ground water samples collected in Békés County, Hungary, …
Abstract: Repetition of a 1978 experiment on the toxicity of glyphosate chemicals in water-flea Daphnia magna showed surprising results. In the 31 years which had passed between the two series of experiments, the toxicity of glyphosate had apparently become 300 times stronger! Further investigation into this enigmatic paradox discloses unfortunate aspects of laboratory researcher cultures …
