Journal or Publishing Institution: Pig breeding
Author(s): Zinoviev, S.G., Odaryuk, M.M. and Radchikov, V.F.
Article Type: Peer Reviewed Study
Abstract:
Reproductive qualities of pigs with long–term use of genetically modified soybeans in their diets Genetically modified (GM) cultures are becoming increasingly popular. Since the first genetically modified plants appeared in 1996, the area of global GM crops has grown approximately 111.6 times. In the world, 507 lines of 30 species of genetically modified agricultural plants are officially registered. The most common GM crops are maize, soybean, cotton, and rapeseed, in which genes are introduced to provide resistance to insects, such as Bt to maize or herbicide resistance, such as Roundup Ready (RR) soybeans. Most of these GM crops are used as feed for farm animals. Of course, safety assessment of the use of GM crops in livestock, taking into account the health of animals and people, is an important task. Special attention should be paid to the study of the prolonged effect of GM soybeans on the animal organism over a long period of its use.
To study the effect of GM soybeans on the productivity and reproductive ability of pigs, two series of scientific and economic experiments on animals of Poltava meat breed were carried out. In the first scientific and business experiment, 24 heads of pigs. The diet of the control group of animals was included (10% by weight), soybean full–fat extruded varieties “Vorskla” (non–GMO), and the experimental one–GM soy full–fat extruded (RR, GTS 40.3.2). When the pigs reached physiological maturity. they were artificially inseminated with sperm of boars from similar groups. Further studies were continued on the descendants of pigs obtained in the first experiment. Two groups of animals were formed, with 20 heads in each. The control group of pigs, like their parents, were fed full feed during the growing period, one of whose ingredients was extruded full–fat soybean “Vorskla” (non–GMO (5% by weight). and the experimental one – extruded GM–soybean (RR, GTS 40.3.2). Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Exel and Statistica.
It was established that when using GM soybeans (RR, GTS 40.3.2) in the first generation, the multiplicity of gilts was 44.2% less, p = 0.03. There is a significant difference in terms of the volume of ejaculate and the concentration of sperm in it. Moreover, with the superiority of the boars of the control group over the experimental ones by volume (227.6 cm3 against 171.9 cm3), they were significantly inferior to the analogs of the experimental group in sperm concentration, respectively, by 38.6 million /cm3 (p<0.046). When using GM soybeans in the second generation, a tendency has been established for deterioration in the quality of sperm production in terms of ejaculate volume, activity and concentration of spermatozoa in it. Compared with the control, the concentration of total protein is significantly reduced by 39.16% (p = 0.03). There is also a decrease in the activity of the enzymes ASAT, ALAT, the concentration of total lipids and cholesterol in the sperm plasma, and an increased content of calcium and phosphorus. The total content of free essential amino acids in the sperm plasma has not changed, however, the number of replaceable and total number of amino acids significantly decreased by 32.77% and 31.16%, respectively. The glutamine content was significantly reduced (by 75.22%; p = 0.000001), which indicates the negative effect of GM soy on the plasma of boar semen. The linear-weight dimensions of the organs of the reproductive system of pigs when using GM-soybeans in the second generation were inferior to the control analogues, their total weight was less by 3.09%, the length of the vagina by 11.59%, the length of the uterus by 3.64%, the length of the horns uterus by 16.23% and ovarian weight bу 38.60%.
Keywords: Pig, boar, swine, pigs, boars, genetically modified, GM, sperm, reproduction, soy, soybean, soybeans
Citation:
Zinoviev, S.G., Odaryuk, M.M. and Radchikov, V.F., 2019. Reproductive qualities of pigs with the long-term use of genetically modified soybeans in their diets. Pig breeding, (72), pp.102-114.
Category:
- Health effects
Record ID: 2727
