Journal or Publishing Institution: American Journal of Botany
Study: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.3732/ajb.1400404
Author(s): Davidar, P., Snow, A.A., Rajkumar, M., Pasquet, R., Daunay, M.C., and Mutegi, E.
Article Type: Peer Reviewed Study
Record ID: 453
Abstract: Premise of the study. In India and elsewhere, transgenic Bt eggplant ( Solanum melongena ) has been developed to reduce insect herbivore damage, but published studies of the potential for pollen-mediated, crop- to- wild gene fl ow are scant. This information is useful for risk assessments as well as in situ conservation strategies for wild germplasm.
Methods. In 2010–2014, we surveyed 23 populations of wild/weedy eggplant ( Solanum insanum ; known as wild brinjal), carried out hand-pollination experiments, and observed pollinators to assess the potential for crop- to- wild gene fl ow in southern India.
Key results. Wild brinjal is a spiny, low-growing perennial commonly found in disturbed sites such as roadsides, wastelands, and sparsely vegetated areas near villages and agricultural fields. Fourteen of the 23 wild populations in our study occurred within 0.5 km of cultivated brinjal and at least nine flowered in synchrony with the crop. Hand crosses between wild and cultivated brinjal resulted in seed set and viable F 1 progeny. Wild brinjal fl owers that were bagged to exclude pollinators did not set fruit, and fruit set from manual self-pollination was low. The exserted stigmas of wild brinjal are likely to promote outcrossing. The most effective pollinators appeared to be bees (Amegilla, Xylocopa , Nomia , and Heterotrigona spp.), which also were observed foraging for pollen on crop brinjal.
Conclusion. Our findings suggest that hybridization is possible between cultivated and wild brinjal in southern India. Thus, as part of the risk assessment process, we assume that transgenes from the crop could spread to wild brinjal populations that occur nearby.
Keywords: brinjal; crop–wild hybridization; flowering times; genetic resources; India; pollinator observations; seed set; Solanum insanum ; transgenic; wild eggplant; wild germplasm
Citation: Davidar, P., Snow, A.A., Rajkumar, M., Pasquet, R., Daunay, M.C., and Mutegi, E., 2015. The potential for crop to wild hybridization in eggplant (Solanum melongena; Solanaceae) in southern India. American Journal of Botany, 102(1), 129-139.
