Journal or Publishing Institution: Nature
Study: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v399/n6733/abs/399214a0.html
Author(s): Losey, J.E., Rayor, L.S. and Carter, M.E.
Article Type: Peer Reviewed Study
Record ID: 1453
Abstract: Although plants transformed with genetic material from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt ) are generally thought to have negligible impact on non-target organisms1, Bt corn plants might represent a risk because most hybrids express the Bt toxin in pollen2, and corn pollen is dispersed over at least 60 metres by wind3. Corn pollen is deposited on other plants near corn fields and can be ingested by the non-target organisms that consume these plants. In a laboratory assay we found that larvae of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, reared on milkweed leaves dusted with pollen from Bt corn, ate less, grew more slowly and suffered higher mortality than larvae reared on leaves dusted with untransformed corn pollen or on leaves without pollen.
Keywords: Bacillus thuringienisis, Bt corn, Pollen, Transgenic Pollen, Danaus plexxippus, Monarch Butterfly, Milkweed, Asclepias curassavica, Bt pollen, Bt toxin, Toxicity, Larval Survival, Mortality, Larval Feeding, Conservation, Agrotechnology
Citation: Losey, J.E., Rayor, L.S. and Carter, M.E., 1999. Transgenic pollen harms monarch larvae. Nature, 399(6733), p.214.