Search Results for: AMPA
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Search the primary studies database using one of the pre-defined keyword searches below. # 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 35S A Acetylcholinesterase Aegilops cylindrica Aflatoxin Africa African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) Agrobacterium Agroecology Agrostis Agrostis stolonifera Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Allergy Alpaida Veniliae Amaranthus palmeri Amaranthus tuberculatus Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ambystoma gracile Ambystoma laterale Ambystoma …
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as invasive species
Abstract: This paper frames genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as invasive species. This offers a way of considering the reception, diffusion and management of GMOs in the foodscape. “An invasive non-native species is any non-native animal or plant that has the ability to spread causing damage to the environment, the economy, our health and the way …
Concentrations of glyphosate, its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate in ground- and surface-water, rainfall, and soil samples collected in the United States, 2001-06
Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a number of studies from 2001 through 2006 to investigate and document the occurrence, fate, and transport of glyphosate, its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and glufosinate in 2,135 ground- and surface-water samples, 14 rainfall samples, and 193 soil samples. Analytical methods were developed to detect and measure glyphosate, …
Determination of glyphosate in groundwater samples using an ultrasensitive immunoassay and confirmation by on-line solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
Abstract: Despite having been the focus of much attention from the scientific community during recent years, glyphosate is still a challenging compound from an analytical point of view because of its physicochemical properties: relatively low molecular weight, high polarity, high water solubility, low organic solvent solubility, amphoteric behaviour and ease to form metal complexes. Large …
Genotoxicity of mixtures of glyphosate and atrazine and their environmental transformation products before and after photoactivation
Abstract: The photo-inducible cytogenetic toxicity of glyphosate, atrazine, aminomethyl phosphoric acid (AMPA), desethyl-atrazine (DEA), and their various mixtures was assessed by the in vitro micronucleus assay on CHO-K1 cells. Results demonstrated that the cytogenetic potentials of pesticides greatly depended on their physico-chemical environment. The mixture made with the four pesticides exhibited the most potent cytogenetic …
Limited uptake, translocation and enhanced metabolic degradation contribute to glyphosate tolerance in Mucuna pruriens var. utilis plants
Abstract: Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens, Fabaceae) plants exhibits an innate, very high resistance (i.e., tolerance) to glyphosate similar to that of plants which have acquired resistance to this herbicide as a trait. We analyzed the uptake of [(14)C]-glyphosate by leaves and its translocation to meristematic tissues, and used scanning electron micrographs to further analyze the …
Glyphosate effects on seed bank and vegetation composition of temperate grasslands
Abstract: Intensification of livestock production has led to the increasing input of agrochemicals, mostly herbicides, in natural and semi‐natural grasslands. Glyphosate application shifts vegetation composition of grasslands of the Flooding Pampa region. Consequently, we asked two questions: (1) does the application of glyphosate affect the size, composition and diversity of the seed bank of these …
Possible glyphosate tolerance mechanism in Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.)
Abstract: Natural tolerance of Ipomoea lacunosa to glyphosate has made it problematic in the southeastern U.S. since the adoption of glyphosate-resistant crops. Experiments were conducted to determine (i) the variability in tolerance to glyphosate among accessions, (ii) if there is any correlation between metabolism of glyphosate to aminomethylphosponic acid (AMPA) or sarcosine and the level …
The shoplifting of the seed: Women, biopolitics and poverty
Text: More than half of the world’s population lives in abject poverty while a small elite prides on plenty. Maniacal materialism and cold, uncompromising consumerism have become the globalised tradition of today. Technology, backed by global conglomerates and fierce marketing campaigns, play a major part in keeping the lucrative ball rolling, while thousands of stomachs …
Aminomethylphosphonic acid accumulation in plant species treated with glyphosate
Abstract: Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is the most frequently detected metabolite of glyphosate in plants. The objective of this study was to determine if there is any correlation of metabolism of glyphosate to AMPA in different plant species and their natural level of resistance to glyphosate. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the glyphosate I 50 …
Aminomethylphosphonic acid, a metabolite of glyphosate, causes injury in glyphosate-treated, glyphosate-resistant soybean
Abstract: Glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was developed by stable integration of a foreign gene that codes insensitive enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, an enzyme in the shikimate pathway, the target pathway of glyphosate. Application of glyphosate to GR soybean results in injury under certain conditions. It was hypothesized that if GR soybean is completely …
Efficacy and fate of glyphosate on Swedish railway embankments
Abstract: The herbicide glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, as Spectra (240 g AI litre(-1) SL; Monsanto Europe AB), RoundUp (360 g AI litre(-1) SL; Monsanto) and RoundUp Bio (360 g AI litre(-1) SL; Monsanto), have been used for weed control on Swedish railway embankments since 1986. This article summarizes results from studies of the weed effect and behaviour …
Influence of climatic and edaphic factors on persistence of glyphosate and 2,4-D in forest soils
Abstract: Persistence in soil of the two herbicides glyphosate and 2,4-D was investigated after application for brush control in conifer reforestation areas. Field experiments were carried out at five sites in southern Sweden and six in northern Sweden. Initially, glyphosate disappeared faster in northern soils than in southern soils. This was probably a result of …
Uptake, translocation, metabolism, and distribution of glyphosate in nontarget tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.)
Abstract: The uptake, translocation, metabolism, and distribution behavior of glyphosate in nontarget tea plant were investigated. The negative effects appeared to grown tea saplings when the nutrient solution contained glyphosate above 200 mg L–1. Glyphosate was highest in the roots of the tea plant, where it was also metabolized to aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA). The …
Evaluation of side-effects of glyphosate mediated control of giant reed (Arundo donax) on the structure and function of a nearby Mediterranean river ecosystem
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of the herbicide Herbolex (Aragonesas Agro, S.A., Madrid, Spain) to control giant reed (Arundo donax), which has glyphosate as active ingredient, on the structure and function of a nearby river ecosystem. Specifically, we assessed glyphosate environmental fate in the surrounding water …
The paradoxes of genetically modified foods: Protection of the public health should underpin all decisions
Abstract: Firstly, he does not point out that, although scientists claim this technology will help to feed the world’s burgeoning population, food production is not the problem. There are enough natural resources for us all to be fed: inequity of food distribution results in the starvation of millions in poorer nations. Secondly, he dismisses the …
Transgenic crops in Argentina: The ecological and social debt
Abstract: There is no doubt that soybean is the most important crop for Argentina, with a planted surface that rose 11,000,000 hectares and a production of around 35,000,000 metric tons. During the 1990s, there was a significant agriculture transformation in the country, motorize by the adoption of transgenic crops (soy- bean, maize, and cotton) under …
Transgenic crops in Argentina and its hidden costs
Abstract: Almost a decade ago (1996) Argentina released the commercial use of transgenic seed. Thereafter, the characteristics of Argentinean Agriculture changed drastically. The “Transgenic Revolution” involves soybean, corn and cotton. The process occurred during the last decade and it is considered an intensification of the “external inputs technology” that is considered as the “input decade”. …
From risk assessment to in-context trajectory evaluation – GMOs and their social implications
Abstract: Over the past 20 years, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have raised enormous expectations, passionate political controversies and an ongoing debate on how these technologies should be assessed. Current risk assessment procedures generally assess GMOs in terms of their potential risk of negatively affecting human health and the environment. Can this risk-benefit approach deliver a …
Détection of genetically modified plants-associated pesticides and endometriosis : a pilot study
Abstract: Over the past ten years, we are witnessing a coincidence between the increase in the use of pesticides associated to genetically modified plants (PAGMP) and the incidence of endometriosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of P AGMP in the sérum and the peritoneal fluid of women with and without …
Transgene escape and persistence in an agroecosystem: the case of glyphosate-resistant Brassica rapa L. in central Argentina
Abstract: Brassica rapa L. is an annual Brassicaceae species cultivated for oil and food production, whose wild form is a weed of crops worldwide. In temperate regions of South America and especially in the Argentine Pampas region, this species is widely distributed. During 2014, wild B. rapa populations that escaped control with glyphosate applications by …
The association between coronary artery disease and glyphosate exposure found in pesticide factory workers
Abstract: Background: Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide in the world. Coronary artery disease (CAD) has been recognized as widespread causes of death and disability. In our study, we aimed to investigate the difference in results of health examination among people whether exposed to glyphosate or not. Methods: We recruited workers from glyphosate production line …