GMO Research
Abstract: Showing that a genetically modified food is chemically similar to its natural counterpart is not adequate evidence that it is safe for human consumption. Keywords: Animals, Biotechnology, Consumer Product Safety, Agricultural Crops, Food, Food Analysis, Genetic Engineering, Humans, Food Legislation, Public Policy, Toxicity Tests; Standards, Chemistry, Genetics, Standards Citation: Millstone, E., Brunner, E., Mayer, …
Abstract: The Biotechnology and Food Safety Report issued jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO), is the result of an Expert Consultation held in Rome, in October 1996. The Consultation was the latest, possibly the most significant, attempt to reach international agreement on the safety of genetically engineered (GE) …
Text: A new report has criticized the federal government for its “scientifically unjustifiable” approach to the regulation of genetically modified (GM) products. The report, by a 15-member expert panel of the Royal Society of Canada, was commissioned by the federal government in November 1999 to investigate potential risks posed by biotech products. The director general …
To the editor: A more rigorous analysis of the debate over GM versus non-GM crops is now needed. A fundamental flaw in most arguments (for example, the debate on substantial equivalence) is the erroneous treatment of all genetically modified (GM) plants as one homogeneous group. This distorts arguments and weakens reasoning. It is time to …
Abstract: The chapter presents a study on the potential benefits and risks of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in animal nutrition. As there are only small compositional differences between the “substantially equivalent” genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops, these have little biological significance. Most GM and parental line crops fall short of the definition of “substantial …
Abstract: Roundup® is a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) used worldwide both in agriculture and private gardens. Thus, it constitutes a substantial source of environmental contaminations, especially for water and soil, and may impact a number of non-target organisms essential for ecosystem balance. The soil filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans has been shown to be highly affected by …
Abstract: Transgenic glyphosate tolerant soybeans are constituents of an industrial production system with specific agricultural practices and supplementary agrochemicals as interwoven additional elements. Thus the material produced should not be seen as an isolated product of a specific modified genotype but rather as a product of a tailored agriculture system. This globally dominant crop has …
Text: Millstone et al. reply – Our Commentary1 on the use of the concept of substantial equivalence in evaluating the safety of GM foods has triggered a lively debate, but several correspondents have criticized us for things that we did not say, and in our view none of them has addressed our central argument that …
Abstract: Substantial equivalence is widely accepted as assessment of feeds from genetically modified plants without changes in the composition. But this concept is not adequate for those with output traits, especially concerning their nutritive feeding value. The objective of this study is to evaluate rapeseed and potatoes belonging to the second generation of GM-plants… Although …
Text: “Genetically Modified Foods: Breeding Uncertainty” (Schmidt 2005) overlooked many serious concerns about the environmental and health risks of this new technology. Potential problems from antibiotic-resistant genes used in gene-altered crops, risks from unintended effects of the genetic engineering process, the increases in pesticide use stemming from widespread planting of gene-spliced varieties—these and several other …
Abstract: Glyphosate tolerant genetically modified (GM) maize NK603 was assessed as ‘substantially equivalent’ to its isogenic counterpart by a nutrient composition analysis in order to be granted market approval. We have applied contemporary in depth molecular profiling methods of NK603 maize kernels (sprayed or unsprayed with Roundup) and the isogenic corn to reassess its substantial …
Abstract: To improve the probability of detecting unintended side effects during maize gene manipulations by bombardment, proteomics was used as an analytical tool complementary to the existing safety assessment techniques. Since seed proteome is highly dynamic, depending on the species variability and environmental influence, we analyzed the proteomic profiles of one transgenic maize variety (event …
Abstract: This Article will focus on how the United States can reform the current regulatory system for agricultural biotechnology given the significant political, economic, and social challenges the regulations governing this industry pose. The proposed reform will emphasize four key objectives to be achieved through legislative mandates. First, the Coordinated Framework was built upon dated …
Abstract: During the last five years, the global area of transgenic crop (GM-genetically modified) cultivation increased 25-fold. About 98% of GM crops are grown in the USA, Argentina and Canada from where they are sent to many importers of soyabean and maize. The results of feeding experiments indicate that soyabean meal obtained from herbicide-tolerant lines …
Abstract: Genetically modified plants (GMP) as well as derived feed and food have to undergo a risk assessment prior to market authorisation in the EU. The particular requirements for risk assessment have been and still are particularly contested issues and only recently attempts were begun to specify requirements in greater detail. Against this backdrop the …
Abstract: Genetically modified (GM) crops have been commercially available for human and animal consumption since the 1990s. The safety evaluations are based on the concept of substantial equivalence, which assumes that the toxicity of a product can be investigated by assessing the toxicity of individual components of the product and not the product as a …
Abstract: Risk governance of GM plants and GM food products is presently subject to heated scientific and public controversies. Scientists and representatives of the biotechnology industry have dominated debates concerning safety issues. The public is suspicious with regard to the motives of scientists, companies, and political institutions involved. The dilemmas posed are nested, embracing value …
Abstract: All approved genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are regarded as safe for daily human consumption. On the other hand, reports on possible hazards of GMOs have been circulated through various media. This study reviews the scientific literature on the health hazards of the Roundup Ready soybean and Bt-Maize crops. The toxicological assessment of the application …
Abstract: Background. Genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant cultivar varieties have been a commercial success widely known as Roundup Ready plants. As new glyphosate-tolerant varieties are introduced to satisfy agriculture demand, it is relevant to review the scientific evidence that documents the quality and safety of such biotechnology. Assessments of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant plants are partly based on …
Abstract: OBJECTIVE. In order to assess the safety of genetically modified crops, the anti-nutrients were determined in these novel crops and compared with their parental lines. METHODS. Five kinds of crops (rice, maize, soybean, cottonseed and rapeseed) from domestic and foreign companies were collected and the contents of anti-nutrients for each kind were analyzed. These …
Abstract: 转基因食品安全性是国内外广泛关注与争议的问题之一.根据”实质等同性”原则,本文基于手性D-氨基酸(DAA)形成机制对抗除草剂草甘膦和抗虫Bt蛋白转基因的食品安全性进行了风险评估.与传统非转基因作物相比,除草剂草甘膦或Bt蛋白由于具有较强的金属络合能力,因此在本质上促使土壤中金属离子较多地进入转基因作物体内,然后诱导D-海因酶的活性增加从而产生更多的DAA.体外研究发现,DAA、D-氨基酸氧化酶(DAAO)和亚铁离子(Fe2+)同时存在时,将损伤DNA、L-抗坏血酸(VC)和生育酚(VE)等.而DAA在DAAO存在下产生的H2O2也可诱导损伤VC.在有机相与水相界面,VE能够将Fe3+还原为Fe2+,Fe2+与DAA、DAAO一起产生的?OH也可损伤DNA.细胞实验表明,相比于L-氨基酸(LAA),DAA能够明显抑制细胞生长.因此,即使不考虑转基因食品中相对高含量的草甘膦或Bt蛋白、重金属离子的生物安全性,仅从DAA在转基因食品中的客观相对高的含量及其诱导损伤DNA、VC和VE的毒理性效应考虑,转基因食品和传统食品的成分不实质等同,自然其安全性也不实质等同. Keywords: substantial equivalence, chiral D-amino acid, glyphosate tolerant, Bt, transgenic crops Citation: 张志昆, 袁龙飞, 刘庆菊, 蔡波太, 李向军, 赵红, 董亚蕾, 杨镜奎, 何裕建, 赵亮 and 董树清, 2015. Rational study of the safety of genetically modified food based on toxicology of chiral D – amino acid. China Science: Chemistry, 1.
