GMO Research
Abstract: Climate change will likely cause evolution due not only to selection but also to changes in reproductive isolation within and among populations. We examined the effects of a natural drought on the timing of flowering in two populations of Brassica rapa and the consequences for predicted reproductive isolation and potential gene flow. Seeds were …
Abstract: There has been considerable international study on the etiology of rising mental disorders, such as ADHD, in human populations. As glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide in the world, we sought to test the hypothesis that glyphosate use in agriculture may be a contributing environmental factor to the increase in healthcare utilization among …
Abstract: Fusarium head blight (FHB) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is well established in the eastern Canadian Prairies and appears to be moving westward. A survey of 192 barley crops in eastern Saskatchewan was conducted to determine the impact of agronomic practices on FHB (1999–2002) and Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) (2000–2001). The most common species isolated …
Abstract: Most soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars grown in the U.S. are Roundup Ready®, genetically modified for resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. The objectives of this study were to examine the impacts of glyphosate applications on symbiotic N2 fixation in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean and to evaluate the responses of rhizobial isolates and nifH gene …
Abstract: The herbicide glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, has been used extensively in the past 40 years, under the assumption that side effects were minimal. However, in recent years, concerns have increased worldwide about the potential wide ranging direct and indirect health effects of the large scale use of glyphosate. In 2015, the World Health Organization reclassified …
Abstract: The inevitable escape of transgenic pollen from cultivated fields will lead to the emergence of transgenic crop-wild plant hybrids in natural patches of wild plants. The fate of these hybrids and that of the transgene depend on their ability to compete with their wild relatives. Here we study ecological factors that may enhance the …
Abstract: The analysis of the relevant part of the Institute of Nutrition Report showed that the studies were not carried out according to the accepted protocols for the biomedical assessment of GM food and feed (1). Many of the conclusions drawn by the authors do not correspond to the obtained data and therefore they are …
Abstract: Evidence clearly shows that cationic micronutrients in spray solutions reduce the herbicidal effectiveness of glyphosate for weed control due to the formation of metal-glyphosate complexes. The formation of these glyphosate-metal complexes in plant tissue may also impair micronutrient nutrition of nontarget plants when exposed to glyphosate drift or glyphosate residues in soil. In the …
Abstract: Glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]glycine)3 formulated as Round-up® herbicide,4 was applied on 0.3- to 3.1-ha watersheds at rates of 1.10-, 3.36-, and $.96-kg/ha as a preseeding herbicide in the no-tillage establishment of rescue (Festuca arundinacea L.) and corn (Zea mays L.). Runoff from natural rainfall following early springtime treatments was measured and analyzed to define concentration and …
Abstract: Any novel protein introduced into the GM crops need to be evaluated for cross affinity on living organisms. Many researchers are currently focusing on the impact of Bacillus thuringiensis cotton on soil and microbial diversity by field experiments. In spite of this, in silico approach might be helpful to elucidate the impact of cry …
Abstract: Agriculture Times of yore in AgBioForum, current science and many agriculture journal issues have been discussed Bt cotton safety (Manjunath 2011) controversies (Geeta Bharathan 2001), success (Camille Gonsalves 2007), resistance issues (Akshaya et al., 2010) and cost-benefit analysis (Manjunath 2011) in India a question rose as to “Bt or Non-Bt”. Therefore, a typical collective …
Summary: In 2000 the EEA established a special project for the European Parliament, on the dissemination of research results from technologies characterised by scientific complexity and uncertainty, such as GMOs and chemicals, and on the use of such results by the public and their representatives in their governance, including the use of the precautionary principle. …
Abstract: Results obtained from several studies suggest that the pre-seeding application of the widely used herbicide glyphosate can alter the microbial community of the rhizosphere of non-target plants, as well as soil processes mediated by microorganisms. Although this impact should be related to the response of weed plants to glyphosate application, little is known on …
Abstract: Research into the impact of agricultural practices on plant symbionts is essential for understanding the factors that modulate plant community productivity and diversity. Although glyphosate is used worldwide as an herbicide, its effects on root symbionts under natural conditions have not been sufficiently studied. We performed a field experiment to evaluate the influence of …
Abstract: Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world, but its effects on non-target organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), are unclear. No studies have been found that made reference to effects of glyphosate on AMF spore viability despite its importance as a source of propagules for the perpetuation and spread of …
Text: COLUMBIA, Mo. A four-year study by University of Missouri researchers has found that Roundup herbicide applications change the microbial composition of soil in the field. They observed increases in fungi on the roots and in the soil around the roots of soybean plants, with “potential implications in future management.” “Experiments conducted in 1997 through …
Abstract: Genetically modified corn crops and suspensions of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are currently used to control pest infestations of insects of the Lepidoptera family. For this purpose, the cry1Ab gene coding for protein δ-endotoxin derived from B. thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk), which is highly toxic to these insects, was inserted and expressed in corn. The aims …
Abstract : This review examines the production systems for cacao, coffee, rice, oil palm, and soyabean, and their corresponding impacts on biodiversity. Keywords: Coffea, Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, Coffea liberica, Elaeis, Elaeis guineensis, Glycine (Fabaceae), Glycine max, Oryza, Oryza glaberrima, Oryza sativa, plants, Theobroma cacao, biodiversity, cocoa, coffee, crop production, environmental impact, fatty oil plants, …
Abstract: This review evaluates scientific studies published in peer-review journals during the last 3-4 years that considered ecological effects of insect resistant (Bt) and herbicide tolerant maize. The majority of the scientific studies deal with ecological effects of maize containing the Cry1Ab toxin. In contrast, very few studies are available that considered other Cry toxins …
Abstract: Transgenic potato plants with the nptII gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase (kanamycin resistance) as a selection marker were examined for the spread of recombinant DNA into the environment. We used the recombinant fusion of nptII with the tg4 terminator for a novel biomonitoring technique. This depended on natural transformation of Acinetobacter sp. strain BD413 …
Abstract: We summarize the major points of international debate on health risk studies for the main commercialized edible GMOs. These GMOs are soy, maize and oilseed rape designed to contain new pesticide residues since they have been modified to be herbicide-tolerant (mostly to Roundup) or to produce mutated Bt toxins. The debated alimentary chronic risks …
Abstract: A utilização desenfreada de agrotóxicos está contribuindo com o agravamento da poluição ambiental, pois na maioria das vezes a forma de aplicação desses produtos facilita a contaminação de solos e recursos hídricos, afetando espécies aquáticas e terrestres, podendo ainda interferir na saúde das pessoas que estão envolvidas diretamente e indiretamente com a aplicação. Considerando …
Abstract: Like any technology, agricultural biotechnologies that use genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have their opponents and supporters. For their proponents, the significant benefits of GMOs for humans, animals and the environment clearly outweigh any risks that are inherent with new technologies (Jauhar, 2006; Reis et al, 2006). For example, crops could be genetically engineered to …
Abstract: Glyphosate-based herbicides are leading products of the current pesticide market, and this trend has further strengthened outside Europe with the spread of glyphosate-tolerant GM crops. Glyphosate forms complexes with metal ions (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn) in the soil, but precipitation washes it into deeper soil layers. Its primary metabolite, AMPA, is more mobile than …
Abstract: Nitrogen losses from the soil-plant system may be influenced by herbicide applications. In order to evaluate N loss in brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) after application of the herbicides glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse as a completely randomized design, with three treatments and six replicates. Treatments were as follows: i) …
