GMO Research
Abstract: In the past few years, genetically modified (GM) crops aimed at producing food/feed that became part of the regular agriculture in many areas of the world. However, we are uncertain whether GM food and feed can exert potential adverse effects on humans or animals. Of importance, the reproductive toxicology of GM crops has been …
Abstract: In order to detect presence and quantity of Roundup Ready (RR) soybean in crude oil extracted from soybean seed with a different percentage of GMO seed two extraction methods were used, CTAB and DNeasy Plant Mini Kit. The amplifications of lectin gene, used to check the presence of soybean DNA, were not achieved in …
Abstract: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) enables bacteria to access, share, and recombine genetic variation, resulting in genetic diversity that cannot be obtained through mutational processes alone. In most cases, the observation of evolutionary successful HGT events relies on the outcome of initially rare events that lead to novel functions in the new host, and that …
Abstract: Today, 12 years after the first field release of a genetically modified plant (GMP), over 15,000 field trials at different locations have been performed. As new and unique characteristics are frequently introduced into GMPs, risk assessment has to be performed to assess their ecological impact. The possibilities of horizontal gene transfer (HGT; no parent-to-offspring …
Abstract: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and genetically modified foods (GM foods) are continually in the public eye. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs), may be defined as those in which genetic material has been altered so as to make the organisms unnatural. When genes from different organisms are combined in a process called recombinant DNA technology, new …
Text: Beginning three decades ago scientists learned how to sequence DNA and transfer it from one kind of organism to another. Since that time, claims about the power of the gene to determine and transform the properties of living forms have been unremitting in academic and popular venues. When proposals were first made to improve …
Abstract: The surfactant polyoxyethylene amine (POEA) is added to several formulations of glyphosate herbicides that are widely used in agriculture and can contaminate aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, an integrated approach examining genotoxic, biochemical and physiological parameters was employed to evaluate acute effects of POEA on the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. Juvenile fish were …
Abstract: In the initial screening, 18 out of 32 Conyza albida and 7 out of 28 Conyza bonariensis populations, sampled from main perennial crop regions of central and southern Greece, were found to be resistant to glyphosate. The level of resistance determined in dose–response experiments with representative populations of the two species was found to …
Abstract: The 35S cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) promoter is commonly used to drive transgene expression in the genetically engineered (GE) crop plants that have been commercialized so far. Whether, and how far, the 35S promoter might be active in mammalian cells has been scientifically unsettled and controversial. Very recently it was established that the 35S …
Abstract: Deliberate release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) may contribute to sustainable development, world food supplies and economic prosperity. On the other hand, environmental release may initiate serious, irreversible ecological damage. In this article we discuss the scientific basis for regulation of GMO use, and to which extent present risk assessment procedures provide means to …
Abstract: Widespread interest in producing transgenic organisms is balanced by concern over ecological hazards, such as species extinction if such organisms were to be released into nature. An ecological risk associated with the introduction of a transgenic organism is that the transgene, though rare, can spread in a natural population. An increase in transgene frequency …
Abstract: Nowadays genetically modified organisms are commonly included in various areas of modern economy and especially in food industry. Genetically modified crops are used not only as a cheap feed for cattle, but also in food consumed by people. However, the impact of GMOs on animals and humans is still poorly understood. Because the 35S …
Abstract: Growth hormone (GH) gene expression has been examined in control and transgenic coho salmon containing a transgene comprised of the sockeye salmon GH1 gene under the control of the MT-B promoter from the same species. This transgene dramatically enhances the growth of salmonids, and raises serum GH levels some forty-fold. Transcript levels from this …
Abstract: Roundup Transorb® (RT) is a glyphosate-based herbicide and despite its wide use around the world there are few studies comparing the effects of the active ingredient with the formulated product. In this context the purpose of this study was to compare the genotoxicity of the active ingredient glyphosate with the formulated product RT in …
Text: In July 2011, in a decision that “upturn[ed]” the biotech industry and “outrage[d] its opponents,” the United States Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) announced that it would not regulate a genetically modified (GM) variety of popular lawn grass (1). Scotts Miracle-Gro Company developed a strain of Kentucky Bluegrass that …
Abstract: Several plant species, including tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), Gynura aurantiaca, avocado (Persea americana), and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) grafted on Troyer citrange (Poncirus trifoliata x C. sinensis) were “agro-infected” with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA-4404, carrying a mini-Ti plasmid with a dimeric cDNA of citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd). Extracts prepared from tissues of the agroinfected plants 38-90 …
Abstract: Gene flow is the most frequently expressed public concern related to the deregulation of transgenic events (Snow 2002; Ellstrand 2003). However, assessing the potential for transgene escape is complex because it depends on the opportunities for unintended gene flow, and establishment and persistence of the transgene in the environment (Warwick et al. 2008). Creeping …
Abstract: Discovery of DNA structure gave the chance for creation organisms, that are called genetically modified organisms (GMO). Birth of Scottish sheep called Dolly in 1996 can be treated as a turning point in GMO issue. Next years have brought development of genetic techniques that help to insert genes that usually come from a different …
Abstract: Glyphosate is a broad spectrum herbicide. Fruits and vegetables improve health and a diminish chronic degenerative processes. This study aims to investigate orange juice protective role against the toxicity of glyphosate induced in mice. Fifty six adult male albino mice divided into seven groups. Oral administration of glyphosate caused a significant increase in MDA …
Abstract: Rice is one of the staple foods of the Iraqi population; therefore large amounts of rice cultivated and imported in Iraq. Because of increasing the production of GM crops especially rice crop, it was necessary to investigate if there is any genetically modified rice (GM rice) in Baghdad markets. Conventional PCR and Real-Time PCR …
Abstract: The intended effect of a selectable marker gene is to confer a novel trait that allows for the selection and recovery of transgenic plants. Unintended effects may also occur as a result of interactions between the selectable marker gene or its regulatory elements and genetic elements at the site of insertion. These are called …
Text: Is ‘rare’ rare enough to be acceptable? Increasing microbial resistance to antibiotics is a wellestablished threat to human health and so there is a need for a global strategy to combat this increase (1). In the past, attention has mostly been paid to create a holistic strategy for usage of these drugs in prophylactic …
Abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been widely used in foliar sprays as part of integrated pest management strategies against insect pests of agricultural crops. Since the advent of genetically modified plants expressing Bt δ‐endotoxins, the bioavailability of Cry proteins has increased, and therefore for biosafety reasons their adverse effects should be studied, mainly for nontarget …
Abstract: The aerial spraying of glyphosate formulations in Colombia to eradicate illegal crops has generated great concern about its possible impact on nontarget organisms, particularly amphibians. This study evaluated the toxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effects of a glyphosate formulation (Roundup®SL-Cosmoflux®411F) in the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus johnstonei by estimating the median lethal application rate (LC50 ), …
Text: The galactopoietic potency of bovine somatotrophin (bST; also known as growth hormone, bGH) has been known for over 50 years, but it is only since the 1980s that production of bST by recombinant DNA techniques has raised the prospect of its large scale use in dairying. Subcutaneous or intramuscular injections of approximately 30mg/day can …
