GMO Research
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted at Hays and Manhattan, KS, in 2002 and 2003 to determine winter wheat response to simulated drift rates of glyphosate and imazamox. Glyphosate and imazamox at 1/100x, 1/33x, 1/10x, and 1/3X of usage rates of 840 g ae/ha glyphosate and 35 g/ha imzamox were applied individually to wheat in the …
Abstract: Investigators hope to track origins of the transgenic crop. Text: It has been nearly three months since an Oregon farmer discovered unapproved transgenic wheat in a commercial wheat field, triggering bans on imports of US wheat into Japan and South Korea. The harvest season has now begun, and with the contamination proving to be …
Abstract: Chlorophenoxy herbicides are widely used in the United States and Western Europe for broadleaf weed control in grain farming and park maintenance. Most of the spring and durum wheat produced in the United States is grown in Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, with more than 85% of the acreage treated with chlorophenoxy …
Abstract: In Switzerland, the cultivation of genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and the use of its seeds for food and feed are not permitted. Nevertheless, the GM oilseed rape events GT73, MS8×RF3, MS8 and RF3 have recently been found in the Rhine port of Basel, Switzerland. The sources of GM oilseed rape …
Abstract: Detailed molecular characterisation of transgene loci is a requirement for gaining regulatory approval for environmental release of genetically modified crops. In cereals, it is generally accepted that Agrobacterium-mediated transformation generates cleaner transgene loci with lower copy number and fewer rearrangements than those generated by biolistics. However, in wheat there has been little detailed analysis …
Abstract: Jointed goatgrass is an exotic species introduced into the western United States from Eurasia. The weed is an agricultural pest infesting winter wheat fields and causing economic loss. Common ancestry between the two species enables interspecific hybridization, thus providing a mechanism for gene flow to occur. This can facilitate the accumulation of novel genes, …
Abstract: Hybridisation between wheat and Aegilops geniculata was quantified in a 4‐year crossing experiment in the glasshouse, using three wheat cultivars as pollen donors and herbicide resistance as a phenotypic marker. Hybridisation rates ranged from 5% to 74%. Most of the hybrids were self‐sterile. However, seven F2 seeds were obtained from 165 A. geniculata–wheat hybrids. …
Abstract: The introduction of transgenes into plants may cause unintended phenotypic effects which could have an impact on the plant itself and the environment. Little is published in the scientific literature about the interrelation of environmental factors and possible unintended effects in genetically modified (GM) plants. We studied transgenic bread wheat Triticum aestivum lines expressing …
Abstract: Understanding gene flow in genetically modified (GM) crops is critical to answering questions regarding risk-assessment and the coexistence of GM and non-GM crops. In two field experiments, we tested whether rates of cross-pollination differed between GM and non-GM lines of the predominantly self-pollinating wheat Triticum aestivum. In the first experiment, outcrossing was studied within …
Abstract: Results obtained from several studies suggest that the pre-seeding application of the widely used herbicide glyphosate can alter the microbial community of the rhizosphere of non-target plants, as well as soil processes mediated by microorganisms. Although this impact should be related to the response of weed plants to glyphosate application, little is known on …
Abstract: Genetic transformation of plants often results in multiple copies of the introduced DNA at a single locus. To ensure that only a single copy of a foreign gene resides in the plant genome, we used a strategy based on site-specific recombination. The transformation vector consists of a transgene flanked by recombination sites in an …
Abstract: Effect of water extract of round-up resistant GM of soya bean in comparison to the same extract of GM of soya bean on similarity, beginning of shoots and germination of grain of wheat, triticale and rye is studied. It is fixed that the extract from GM of soya bean in comparison to non-GM one …
Abstract: Since 1995, canola cultivars with herbicide resistance (HR) have been readily adopted by Canadian producers. Gene flow between these cultivars with different HR traits has led to the occurrence of double herbicide–resistant (2HR) volunteers. To evaluate the fitness of canola volunteers with double HR, we compared three 2HR combinations to each of their parent …
Abstract: Genetically modified (GM) crops require allergenicity and toxicity assessment of the novel protein(s) to ensure complete safety to the consumers. These assessments are performed in accordance with the guidelines proposed by Codex (2003) and ICMR (2008). The guidelines recommend sequence homology analysis as a preliminary step towards allergenicity prediction, later in vitro experiments may …
Abstract: Fusarium pathogens cause important diseases, such as root/crown rot and Fusarium head blight (FHB), in cereal crops. These diseases can be caused by similar Fusarium spp. Common root rot (CRR) is widespread in the western Canadian Prairies, whereas FHB has potential of becoming an important disease in this region. There are no commercially available …
Summary: In 2000 the EEA established a special project for the European Parliament, on the dissemination of research results from technologies characterised by scientific complexity and uncertainty, such as GMOs and chemicals, and on the use of such results by the public and their representatives in their governance, including the use of the precautionary principle. …
Abstract: Glyphosate, a synthetic amino acid and analogue of glycine, is the most widely used biocide on the planet. Its presence in food for human consumption and animal feed is ubiquitous. Epidemiological studies have revealed a strong correlation between the increasing incidence in the United States of a large number of chronic diseases and the …
Abstract: Celiac disease, and, more generally, gluten intolerance, is a growing problem worldwide, but especially in North America and Europe, where an estimated 5% of the population now suffers from it. Symptoms include nausea, diarrhea, skin rashes, macrocytic anemia and depression. It is a multifactorial disease associated with numerous nutritional deficiencies as well as reproductive …
Abstract: The potential losses from spray applications of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] with and without the inclusion of a polymer thickening agent were evaluated in field tests, applied under identified weather conditions with a boom-nozzle ground sprayer, helicopter, and fixed-wing aircraft. The downwind transport and diffusion of the spray loss was assessed by means of Mylar fallout …
Abstract: Feral populations of crop species along roadsides contribute to the uncertainty regarding the containment of genetically modified (GM) crops, as the feral populations could promote the persistence of transgenes outside of cultivated fields. Roadside populations of several common crop species are known to occur far from arable fields, and the dispersal pathways that promote …
Citation: Hanson, K.G., and Fernandez, M.R., 2003. Effect of glyphosate herbicides on Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and other cereal pathogens. Proceedings of Fourth International Wheat Tan Spot and Spot Blotch Workshop, Bemidji, Minnesota, USA, 21-24 July, 2002 2003 pp. 128-131
Abstract: Usage of 2,4-D herbicides has been extensive in centrai Washington wheat-growing areas for many years. The rapid development of a grape industry, both Concord and Vinifera, since the early 1960’s has had periodic, widespread damage in vineyards due to drifting 2,4-D. Beginning in the Spring of 1973, programs of 2,4-D monitoring have been conducted …
Abstract: The adoption of genetically modified (GM) crops has increased dramatically during the last 3 years, and currently over 52 million hectares of GM crops are planted world-wide. Approximately 41 million hectares of GM crops planted are herbicide-resistant crops, which includes an estimated 33.3 million hectares of herbicide-resistant soybean. Herbicide-resistant maize, canola, cotton and soybean …
Abstract: Since transgenic, bromoxynil-resistant cotton and glufosinate-resistant canola were introduced in 1995, planting of transgenic herbicide-resistant crops has grown substantially, revolutionizing weed management where they have been available. Before 1995, several commercial herbicide-resistant crops were produced by biotechnology through selection for resistance in tissue culture. However, non-transgenic herbicide-resistant crops have had less commercial impact. Since …
Abstract: 2,4-D is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. It is commonly used on rangeland and pasture, in the production of wheat, and on home lawns. Symptoms of 2,4-D poisoning in exposed people include irritation and inflammation of eyes and skin, hives, nausea, vomiting, throat irritation, headache, dizziness, coughing, and difficulty …
