Search Results for: DNA

Abstract: A growing body of research suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota induced by environmental pollutants, such as pesticides, could have a role in the development of metabolic disorders. We have examined the long-term effects of 3 doses of the Roundup(R) herbicide (made of glyphosate and formulants) on the gut microbiota in male and female …

Abstract: Effects of glyphosate on survival, developmental rate, larval weight, and midgut bacterial diversity of Apis mellifera were tested in the laboratory. Larvae were reared in vitro and fed diet containing glyphosate 0.8, 4, and 20 mg/L. The dependent variables were compared with negative control and positive control (dimethoate 45 mg/L). Brood survival decreased in 4 …

Abstract: 转基因食品安全性是国内外广泛关注与争议的问题之一.根据”实质等同性”原则,本文基于手性D-氨基酸(DAA)形成机制对抗除草剂草甘膦和抗虫Bt蛋白转基因的食品安全性进行了风险评估.与传统非转基因作物相比,除草剂草甘膦或Bt蛋白由于具有较强的金属络合能力,因此在本质上促使土壤中金属离子较多地进入转基因作物体内,然后诱导D-海因酶的活性增加从而产生更多的DAA.体外研究发现,DAA、D-氨基酸氧化酶(DAAO)和亚铁离子(Fe2+)同时存在时,将损伤DNA、L-抗坏血酸(VC)和生育酚(VE)等.而DAA在DAAO存在下产生的H2O2也可诱导损伤VC.在有机相与水相界面,VE能够将Fe3+还原为Fe2+,Fe2+与DAA、DAAO一起产生的?OH也可损伤DNA.细胞实验表明,相比于L-氨基酸(LAA),DAA能够明显抑制细胞生长.因此,即使不考虑转基因食品中相对高含量的草甘膦或Bt蛋白、重金属离子的生物安全性,仅从DAA在转基因食品中的客观相对高的含量及其诱导损伤DNA、VC和VE的毒理性效应考虑,转基因食品和传统食品的成分不实质等同,自然其安全性也不实质等同. Keywords: substantial equivalence, chiral D-amino acid, glyphosate tolerant, Bt, transgenic crops Citation: 张志昆,  袁龙飞,  刘庆菊,  蔡波太,  李向军,  赵红,  董亚蕾,  杨镜奎,  何裕建,  赵亮 and 董树清, 2015. Rational study of the safety of genetically modified food based on toxicology of chiral D – amino acid. China Science: Chemistry, 1.

Abstract: It has been researched the microbiocenosis of caudal area of rectum of pigs which were had the diet with genetic modified soya. It was determined the specific composition of microorganisms, which were developed on nutritious mediums after the insemination them by samples of excrements: mainly Proteus vulgaris, E.Coli, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and also Saphylococcus …

Abstract: Over the last 200 years, mining, smelting, and refining of aluminum (Al) in various forms have increasingly exposed living species to this naturally abundant metal. Because of its prevalence in the earth’s crust, prior to its recent uses it was regarded as inert and therefore harmless. However, Al is invariably toxic to living systems …

Abstract: The long-term persistence and activity of a naked plasmid DNA (pGL3-35S) containing a luc gene (reporter gene) controlled by a plant 35S CaMV promoter was studied in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) after injection. Atlantic salmon (mean weight 70 grams) were injected intramuscularly with 100 μg of plasmid DNA. Blood, different tissues and organs …

Abstract: In Switzerland, the cultivation of genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and the use of its seeds for food and feed are not permitted. Nevertheless, the GM oilseed rape events GT73, MS8×RF3, MS8 and RF3 have recently been found in the Rhine port of Basel, Switzerland. The sources of GM oilseed rape …

Abstract: Despite cultivation and seed import bans of genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), feral GM plants were found growing along railway lines and in port areas at four sites in Switzerland in 2011 and 2012. All GM plants were identified as glyphosate-resistant GM event GT73 (Roundup Ready, Monsanto). The most affected sites …

Abstract: A survey of soybean fields containing waterhemp was conducted just prior to harvest in 2012 to determine the scope and extent of herbicide resistance and multiple herbicide resistances among a sample of Missouri waterhemp populations. Resistance was confirmed to glyphosate and to acetolactate synthase (ALS), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), photosystem II (PSII), and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase …

Abstract: We have shown previously that gene VI of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) strain D4 governs systemic infection of Nicotiana bigelovii and that transgenic N. bigelovii expressing the D4 gene VI product can complement at least one CaMV isolate for long-distance transport. We have now found that DNA of two other isolates of CaMV recombine …

Abstract: A huge increase in the incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases has been reported in the United States (US) over the last 20 years. Similar increases have been seen globally. The herbicide glyphosate was introduced in 1974 and its use is accelerating with the advent of herbicide-tolerant genetically engineered (GE) crops. Evidence is mounting …

Abstract: Transgene loci in 16 transgenic oat (Avena sativa L.) lines produced by microprojectile bombardment were characterized using phenotypic and genotypic segregation, Southern blot analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Twenty-five transgene loci were detected; 8 lines exhibited single transgene loci and 8 lines had 2 or 3 loci. Double FISH of the transgene …

Text: Biotechnology is big business.1 As such, the use of biotechnology to engineer plants, and the regulation of the resulting food crops, involves economic and trade issues, as well as science and health issues.2 Through modern biotechnology, selected individual genes are transferred from one organism into another, sometimes between nonrelated species, using recombinant DNA (rDNA) …

Text: To the editor – The assertion has been made recently by Daniell et al. that chloroplast (cp) transformation will be a practical solution to the problem of crop transgenes flowing to related weeds. This is an overstatement. They argued that transformed cp DNA, which they apparently assumed to exclusively maternally inherited, will not be …

Text: Business has been arguing that governments should override the precautionary principle in favor of an “innovation principle.” The new genetic engineering techniques (sometimes called “new breeding techniques”)1 provide the perfect cover for this argument. Proponents assure us that these new techniques are essential to address the crises we face and will provide economic benefit, …

Abstract: The increasing number of commercialized GM crops and the growing need for authenticity control of raw materials, feeds and foods set an urgent necessity for the development of sensitive, reliable and cost-effective methods for GMO detection. In the present study, a novel multiplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection of all EU-authorized genetically modified …

Abstract: The effects of the herbicide Roundup® (glyphosate) on natural marine microbial communities were assessed in a 7-day field experiment using microcosms. Bottles were maintained underwater at 6 m depth, and 10% of their water content was changed every other day. The comparison of control microcosms and surrounding surface water showed that the microcosm system …

Abstract: Genetic transformation of plants often results in multiple copies of the introduced DNA at a single locus. To ensure that only a single copy of a foreign gene resides in the plant genome, we used a strategy based on site-specific recombination. The transformation vector consists of a transgene flanked by recombination sites in an …